当前位置:文档之家› 2015年 肺癌转化性研究热点进展

2015年 肺癌转化性研究热点进展

肺癌转化性研究热点
---驱动基因或信号通路
张绪超
华南理工大学 临床医学中心 广东省医学科学院 & 广东省人民医院 广东省肺癌研究所 华南临床基因检测中心
内容
1. 时空异质性与驱动基因靶点分型
- 驱动基因、驱动变异
2. 研究与实践:多基因检测的应用 3. 分子分型的趋势:
- 通路 - 靶向治疗耐药机制
• Started Feb 2012, 74 gene panels analyzed by NGS
David.Planchard et al,
2012年2月至2014年9月经MTB会议回顾的536个病例 536 pts reviewed in MTB meeting from Feb, 2010 to Sept, 2014
– that >20% of the recorded mutations in the gene are inactivating
•Epi-Driver gene:epigenetic deregulation
– Criteria for distinguishing epigenetic changes that exert a selective growth advantage from those that do not (passenger epigenetic changes) have not yet been formulated.
Molecular Tumor Board(MTB)分子肿瘤专家组: 现实世界中的多学科团队
• 多重基因分型技术:
• 一代测序法:2012年之前共检测38个基 因面板
• NGS – Ion Torrent:共检测74个基因
• 特定病人采用FISH技术检测ALK, HER2, MET, FGFR1, ROS1及RET基因
David.Planchard et al,
• 108 selected exons from 38 genes analyzed by Sanger sequencing: • EGFR, KRAS, HER2,4, BRAF, PI3CA, PIK3R1, TP53, CDK4, CDKN2A, cKIT, PDGFRA, MET, FGFR2-4, FCGR2A,3A, FLT3, CTNNB1, GNAS, HRAS, NRAS, KDR, PDPK1, TOP1,2A, ERCC1, FBXW7, TSC2, PTEN, AKT1-3, MAP2K1-2, STK11, ALK
4. 免疫靶向治疗、预测标志物及机制
肿瘤的恶性特征(疾病机制)异质性
anti-PD1, anti-PDL1,…
Source: Dauglas Hanahan, Robert Winberg, 2011, Cell , Volume 144, Issue 5, Pages 646-674 (DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013)
有可用药靶点 Actionable Target
N = 344 (69%)
无可用药靶点 Actionable Target
N = 158 (31%)
可用药分子变异 Actionable Mol Ab
N (%)
ER2(FISH) 1 (1%)
现在定义: A broader biological definition of ‘cancer driver’ would be a cell-autonomous or non–cell-autonomous alteration that contributes to tumor evolution at any stage—including initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy—by promoting a variety of functions including proliferation, survival, invasion, or immune evasion.
•Bert Vogelstein et al. Cancer Genome Landscapes. 1546 (2013); 339 Science •S. Thiagalingam et al., Nat. Genet. 13, 343 (1996)
What is “Actionable” target?
• 存在主干和分枝驱动基因 • 分子异质性较强的患者相对容易复发
Elza C. de Bruin, et al. Science 10 October 2014: 251-256. Jianjun Zhang, et al. Science 10 October 2014: 256-259.
EGFR三代药物靶向治疗耐药异质性
• MTB包括:临床医生、病理学家、生物信息学 家、分子生物学家
• 讨论问题: • 变异频率及技术真实性? • 是否有功能,作为靶点? • 是否存在专用靶向治疗方案? • 具体该如何向病人提供相应的治疗方案?
• 自2010年起,每月召开一次 (MTB)会议,专 门针对潜在致病因素为分子变异的非小细胞 肺癌晚期病人
肿瘤的“细胞”异质性
• 不同肿瘤微环境:
– 原发灶 – 浸润灶 – 转移灶
• 细胞异质性:
– 肿瘤细胞 – 基质细胞 – 免疫炎症细胞 – 内皮细胞 – ……
Cell, 2011,144:646
肿瘤的“分子”异质性与“分枝进化”
63%-69%的分子变异是瘤内区域异质性的分布
Gerlinger et al. 2012 , NEJM
国外最前沿相关研究 : TRACERx
概念:驱动基因、驱动变异、可作用靶点、
分子靶点分型
What is a cancer driver?
经典定义: Typically denotes a genetic event associated with tumor initiation or progression.
- CAGC
Output Highlights The Definition of Actionable – “Level 1”
Clinically actionable alterations that impact point-of-care decisions. Practicing physicians should order this set of assays for each patient as part of delivering standard of evidence-based care. Alterations…
Take an action against the target in cancer !!!
• Treatment (druggable) / Prognosis / Diagnosis • Routine daily practice (comprehensive center vs
community oncology clinic) / Late clinical trial / Early clinical trial • Regulation-based / Guideline-based / If conflict between
• 主要驱动基因分型:可作用靶点的分子分型 • 耐药的克隆性进化(Darwinian selection) • 疾病转移机制及对策 • 免疫治疗等的预测标志物 •…
瘤内抑制性与mTOR抑制剂耐药的亚克隆
Gerlinger et al. 2012 , NEJM
敏感病灶部分 耐药病灶部分
肺癌瘤内异质性 进化实例
10 dead before MTB 10位病人MTB成立前已经去世
2 no primary lung K 2位病人无肺部原发病灶
20 lost follow‐up 20位病人随访信息丢失
2 started oriented trt 2位病人接受了oriented治疗
502位III/IV期非小细胞肺癌病人 502 Stage III/IV NSCLC pts
…in NCCN / ASCO guidelines.
…included in a pharmaceutical package insert.
…associated with FDA-approved indications.
…predictive of prognosis or response.
耐药分子异质性 • FGFR融合 • MET扩增 • HER2扩增 • BRAF突变 •…
• T790M+ C797S •…
主干基因 vs分枝进化基因 • 可作用靶点分型 • 耐药相关克隆的达尔文进化
T. A. Yap, M. Gerlinger, P. A. Futreal, L. Pusztai, C. Swanton, Intratumor heterogeneity: Seeing the wood for the trees. Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 127ps10 (2012).
Space
时空进化连续性:细胞、基因/基因组变异的异质性
• 个体间异质性 • 瘤灶内异质性 • 瘤灶间异质性 • 转移灶内异质性
Time
Bert Vogelstein et al. Cancer Genome Landscapes. 1546 (2013); 339 Science
肿瘤异质性的临床意义
•Mut-Driver gene:containing driver mutation
– oncogene, we simply require that >20% of the recorded mutations in the gene are at recurrent positions and are missense
相关主题