11. track • （1）n. [C] 足迹，踪迹；轨道，跑 道 • Eg: We followed the bear’s tracks in the snow. • （2） vt. 跟踪，追踪 • Eg: We continued tracking the bear’s track.
12. useless adj. 无用的，无效的，无价值的 • Eg: He knew it was useless to protest. • 固定句式： It is useless (no use) doing sth. 做某事是无用的 it is no good doing sth. 做某事是不好的 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is no good copy other’s homework.
greed + -y = greedy贪婪的
taste+ -y = tasty 美味的 fat + -y = fatty 肥胖的 fog + -y = foggy 有雾的
5. burst • ①v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸 • Eg: The balloon suddenly burst. • ②v.猛冲；突然出现 • Eg: He burst into the room without knocking. • burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然……起来
短语：bury oneself in…=be buried in….
专心于…， 埋首于…
devote oneself to…=be devoted to…
专心于…，献身于…
be lost in… 陷入…中
20. shelter n. 掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护 短语：take shelter from… 躲避… eg: 人们在商店躲避雨。 People took shelter from the rain in the store. 21. damage n.&vt. 损失，损害 eg: Smoking can damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。 短语：do damage to… 对…造成损害 Smoking does damage to your health.
7.as if 似乎, 好像 = as though Eg:She spoke to me as if she knew me. • as if后还可跟名词、形容词、不定式等 • He acts as if (he was) a fool. • She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. • as if 在表语从句中相当于that: • It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
10. 辨析：injure, hurt, wound, 和harm 1.The soldier was wounded badly.
2.An accident
injured
his left eye.
his health.
3.Smoking seriously harmed 4.I don’t want to hurt you.。
15. trap （1） vt. （trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危 险中 搭配：be trapped in 困在……中 eg: The car was trapped in the deep snow. （2） n. [C]陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
eg:The war was at an end.= The war came to an end. 2). in the end: 表示“最终，终于”，单独使用 作状语。 eg: They gave up the plan in the end. (at last)
3). at the end of: 表示“在…的尽头/末尾”
4. smelly adj. 有臭味的，发臭的 • Eg: His socks are smelly. • 词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义 动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起 来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻” • Eg: You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.
eg: My father will come home at the end of this year.
4). by the end of: 到…末为止，常与完成时态连用。 by the end of last…用于过去完成时
by the end of next…用于将来完成时
eg: 到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。
eg: 她突然笑起来。
She burst out laughing. = She burst intolaughter .
他突然大哭起来。 He burst out crying. = He burst into tears.
6. event n. • 1 [C]（尤指涉及几个人的）事件， 大事 • Eg: That was an important historical event. • 2[C]（体育比赛等的）项目，赛事 • Eg: The Olympic Games are important events in the sports world.
8. ruin n. [U] 毁坏；毁灭；灭亡 • n. 倒塌的建筑物，废墟 • Eg: The castle now is in ruins. • 注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数， 常构成in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不 堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。 • （3）v. （完全地）毁坏，毁掉；使破产 • Eg: I was ruined by that news. • 拓展： bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产
13. shock v. 使震惊；使惊愕；使难以置信 • 搭配： be shocked at 对……感到震惊 • be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事 eg: I am shocked at the bad news. 搭配:be a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个 打击 eg: It was a real shock to me that the school would have to close.
3. well • ① n. 井 • Eg: A book is a well of knowledge. • ② adj. 健康的 • Eg: I hope you will get well soon. • ③ adv. 熟练地，有效地 • Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age.
blood + -y = bloody 流血的 rain + -y = rainy 下雨的
cloud + -y = cloudy 多云的 wind + -y = windy 多风的
snow + -y = snowy 下雪的
dream+-y = dreamy 幻想的 ice + -y = icy冷漠的，冰的 mud+ -y = muddy 泥泞的 sun + -y = sunny阳光灿烂的
22. frighten vt. 使惊吓，吓唬
frightened adj. 受惊的，受恐吓的
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
短语：
be frightened at… 受…惊吓 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人/某物
We were frightened when he fell into the river.
• It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end!
8. at an end 结束，终结
eg: 炎的天气终于结束了。
The hot days are at last at an end.
Unit4 Earthquakes
• 1.earthquake n. 地震 • earth n. 地球 quake vt. 震动， 地震 • Eg: It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia.
2. right away 立刻；马上 • 同义词： • right now= at once= in no time= immediately • 注意：right now除表示“立刻， 马上”之外，还表示“现在，此 刻”，比now的语气强，相当于at this moment, at present，用于进 行时。
23.congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺；贺 词 • 搭配： congratulations to • congratulate vt.祝贺 • 搭配：congratulate sb on sth • Congratulate you on your success.
The hot days come to an end at last.
be at an end = come to an end 结束
辨析：at an end, in the end,
at the end of, by the end of
1). at an end: 表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连 用。