上海市嘉定二中2018-2019学年高一12月月考英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Laugh and the world laughs with you. Even ____1____（good）, you might live longer, an American researcher reports.“Adults who have a sense of humor live longer than ____2____ who don’t find life funny, and the survival edge is particularly large for people ____3____ cancer,” says Richard Smith of the Columbia University of Science and Technology.He ____4____（present）his study of about 54,000 Americans, ____5____ he had followed for seven years, at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting last Monday.At the start, patients filled out questionnaires on ____6____ easily they found humor in real-life situations and how important a humorous idea was. The study showed next the greater role humor played in their lives, ____7____ greater their chances were in ____8____（survive）the seven years. Adult scoring in the top one-quarter for humor appreciation were 35% more likely____9____（be）alive than those in the bottom quarter. In a smaller group of 2,015 people who had a cancer diagnosis(诊断) at the start, the study found ____10____ important that a great sense of humor cut the chances of dying by about 70%.【答案】1. better2. those3. with4. presented5. who / whom6. how7. the8. surviving9. to be 10. it【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
本文作者主要介绍了挪威科技大学的Sven Svebak 的研究发现：有幽默感的成年人比认为生活无趣的人寿命长，这一点在癌症患者身上尤为明显；如Sven Svebak 发现，癌症病人的幽默感越强，他在七年之内活下来的可能性就越大。
幽默感得分位居前四分之一的病人生存下来的几率比排在后四分之一的病人高35%；Sven Svebak 对2015名癌症病人的研究表明，幽默感较强的人死亡的几率比缺乏幽默感的人低70%左右。
1题详解】考查比较级。
句意：笑一笑，世界与你同笑。
更重要的是,一名美国研究人员报告说,你可能【活得更久。
此处是even修饰比较级，加强语气，故填better。
【2题详解】考查替代。
句意：有幽默感的成年人比那些认为生活无趣的人寿命长。
句中Adults是可数名词复数，用those替代复数名词，后跟定语从句。
故填those。
【3题详解】考查介词。
句意：生存的机会尤其比有癌症的人大。
people with cancer“有癌症的人”，此处是介词短语做定语。
故填with。
【4题详解】考查一般过去时态。
句意：他提交了54,000美国人的一项调查。
从后面的句子：he had followedfor seven years,和时间状语last Monday，可知此处用一般过去时态，故填presented。
【5题详解】考查定语从句。
句意：上周一，他在美国身心研究学会(American Psychosomatic Society)会议上公布了自己对约5.4万名美国人的研究结果。
此处Americans是先行词，指人，放在后面的定语从句中作宾语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以应由who/whom引导定语从句。
故填who/whom。
【6题详解】考查how引导的宾语从句。
句意：一开始，病人要填写一份问卷，问卷内容包括他们在现实生活中发现幽默的难易程度，以及幽默的想法有多重要。
句中easily是副词，所以介词on后面的宾语从句应由how引导。
故填how。
【7题详解】考查冠词。
句意：研究还显示，幽默在他们的生活中扮演的角色越大，他们活过这七年的机会就越大。
固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级，“越……越……”。
此处用the+形容词比较级，故填the。
【8题详解】考查动名词。
句意：研究还显示，幽默在他们的生活中扮演的角色越大，他们活过这七年的机会就越大。
介词in后面接动名词surviving。
故填surviving。
【9题详解】考查固定搭配。
句意：在幽默欣赏方面得分最高的四分之一的成年人比得分最低的四分之一的人多35%的可能活下来。
固定搭配：be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”。
故填to be。
【10题详解】考查it做形式宾语。
句意：研究发现幽默在减少死亡的机会这方面是很重要的。
固定句型：sb.+ find+ it+ adj+ that从句。
该句型中it是形式主语，后面的that引导的从句是真正的主语。
故填it。
【点睛】one替代“a+单数可数名词”，表示泛指;其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。
特指的the one相当于that，替代“the+单数名词”;the one的复数形式the ones，替代“the+复数名词”，在口语中也常用those代替。
当后面有of短语时，多用that或those;当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)。
另外，one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可数名词。
如：Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one.收音机对我学英语很有用，我想买一台。
(one替代a radio，是泛指收音机这类东西中的一台)We still have shortcomings，and they are very big ones too. 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。
(ones替代shortcomings)We kept seats for those who might arrive late.我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。
(those=the ones 替代the persons)Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。
(those替代the waves)The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。
(that替代不可数名词the population，不能用the one)Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Tributes（致哀）poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights ____11____ modern cosmology（宇宙学）and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS（肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症）at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely ____12____ to speak expect through a voice synthesizer（合成器）. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate（博士学位）on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.Hawking’s first major ____13____ came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity（相对论）to ____14____ the origins of time and space to singularity（奇点），a single point of zero size and infinite density（无限大的密度）where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory（创世大爆炸理论）. Hawking was the first to try to ____15____ relativity with quantum mechanics（量子力学）. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal ____16____ to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would ____17____ forever.In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution（分布）of matter might give rise to the ____18____ of galaxies（银河系）in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics（卢卡斯数学教授席位），arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair（席位）and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor（英国荣誉勋位）by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international ____19____. The book, through which the professor brought complex science toa_____20_____ audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.【答案】11. B 12. E13. H 14. A15. C 16. K17. F 18. I19. J 20. G【解析】这是一篇人物传记。