商务英语socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原rate of growth 增长率economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人current account 经常帐户（美作:checking account）issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币（美作:bill）to pay （in）cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 证券交易市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recession经济好转turnabout成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double-digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect汇率机制REM mechanism储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先front run牛市bull market非凡的牛市 a raging bull规模经济scale economies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-ask spreads 期货（贡）futures经济商行brokerage firm回报率rate of return贡equities违约default现金外流cash drains经济人佣金brokerage fee存款单CD（certificate of deposit）营业额turnover资本市场capital market布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System套利者arbitrager远期汇率forward exchange rate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC （Multi-National Corporation）商业银行commercial bank商业票据commercial paper利润profit本票，期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金（经济人）commission brokers套期保值hedge外汇储备foreign exchange reserves货币选择权（期货）currency option套利arbitrage交易transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital本国货币domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market国际储备international reserve资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of trade繁荣boom债券bond资本capitalmanufacture v. （用机器）制造manufacturer n. 制造者（厂、商、公司）manufacturing adj. 制造的manufacturing industry 制造业margin n. 利润gross margin n. 毛利率net margin n. 净利润。