第 4 讲Cloning 语法篇1.掌握同位语从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。

一. 概述：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

同位语从句通常由that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact 、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise 、question、request、suggestion、truth 、wish 、word 等。

例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

二. 同位语从句的功能1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that 引导，例如：1)The king ' ss dioenc ithat the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whethereg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2)I have no idea which wine is best —it ' s a matter of personal taste.3)The question who will take his place is still not clear.三. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off.四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语) ，而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ( 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。

) (第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. ( 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。

)(同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分)五. 如何判断从句类型：1.放句首没有用逗号分开的，一般是主语从句，也有可能是状语从句，但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词，则一定是主语从句。

2.放及物动词后，若及物动词不是被动语态，后面一定是宾语从句；若句首为It ，该及物动词是被动语态，后面一般是主语从句（It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when ）或⋯状语从句。

3.放be动词后，后面就是表语从句，但“It is/was + 从句（被强调成分） + that 是强”调句（强调句中“非谓语”）。

4.放名词后，一般是定语从句，但若该名词有“内涵/内容”（ fact/truth/news/ information /problem/suggestion /idea / doubt ），则很可能是同位语从句。

1.（2019 重庆卷）—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea he did it; that ' s one of his favorite universities.A.whenB. whyC. thatD. how答案: B解析: 本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea 的内容进行的说明。

短语have no idea 后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go 等。

根据句意可知使用why 表示原因。

故 B 正确。

2.（2019 浙江高考） The only way to succeed at the highest level id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.howB. thatC. whichD. whether答案: B解析: 此句是同位语从句，对belief 进行说明，根据句意从句部分不缺少成分，that 引导，所以选 B 。

3.（2019 兰州高二下）Tomorrow is Tom 's birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held .A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what答案: C解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句对idea 进行说明，从句中缺少地点状语，所以选C。

4.（2019 浙江温州高二下） Word comes free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. which答案: B解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句是对word 进行解释，由于从句中不缺少成分，用that 引导，所以选 B 。

5.（2019 江苏南昌高二下）---Dad, can you meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to Beijing?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when答案: B解析: 此句考查同位语从句的引导词，从句是对demand 进行解释，从句部分不缺少成分，根据句意应该填that ，所以选择 B 。

基础演练1. What do you think his proposal _ we _______ a play at the English party.A. what; put upB. that; put onC. which; put upD. that; put off2. ____ is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 World Expo.A. WhichB. ThisC. ThatD. It3. He made a promise ___ he would help me.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. why4. Mother made a promise ___ I entered a key school, she would take me to Hongkong.A. thatB. that ifC. ifD. whether5. All the people around the world have the same simple dream they will always live in peace andcomfort.9. We all know the truth the earth ___ around the sun.A. if; movedB. that; movesC. why; moveD. whether; move10. The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. The question came up at the meeting _ w e had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether12. There ' s a feeling in me __ w e ' ll neve ar kUnFoOw iws-h--a-t-not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what13. It remains a question we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. what14. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which15. They came to the conclusion __ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B . because of not all things be doneA. thatB. which Key: 1-5BDABA6. T hey have no idea at all .A. where he has gone C. which place has he gone 7. H is success was because of A. thatB. the fact whichC. whereD. when巩固提高B. where did he goD. where has he gone_ he had been working hard.C. the fact thatD. thefact8. T he order came ___the soldiers A. that ;had to leave C. /; must leave the small village the next morningB. that; should leaveD. when; should leave1. I have no idea _ he will come back.A. WhereB. whenC. whatD. that2. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. ThatB. whenC. whatD. how3. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whichC. that whatD. which that4. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. WhatB. whetherC. thatD. which5. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. /D .that 6. He can ' t answer the question7. I have the informationwe are behind the other classes.9. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if10. His suggestion __ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we goB. which we should goC. that we would goD. when we should go11. An idea came to her ____ she might do the experiment in another day.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. which12. ______________________ They have no idea at all .A. where he has goneB. which place he has goneC. where did he goD. where has he gone13. The question remains __ the Party can win the majority of the people.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. /14. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A. WhetherB. WhereC. ThatD. when15. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether Key: 1-5 DBACD6-10 CBDAA11-15 AACAB . 单项选择1. ________ The fact she works hard is well known to us all. A. of what he ' ll come soon B. that he ' ll come soon C. of that he ' ll come soon D. his coming soon A. how B. where C. when D.thatC. being not all things can bedoneKey: 6-10 ACBBA D. because not all things can be done he got the money. A. thatB. whomC. howD. whether 8. But the fact remainsA.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.________ The fact he was successful proves his ability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.__________ The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4._____________ His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.I have no idea he will start.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./二. 用恰当的关系词填空1.The news _____ our team has won the game is really encouraging.2.I have no idea ____ he did it.3.I have no idea ____ the meeting will begin.4.The problem _______ (if/whether) they will go to Beijing hasn ' t been discussed yet.5.We haven ' t settled the question __ we ' re going to spend our summer vacation.Key: 一.1-5 AABBA二. 1. that 2. how 3. when 4. whether 5. where三. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。