break down vi a (车）抛锚了/出故障了;b（计划、和谈）失败了; c（身体)垮掉
break into vt 强行闯入
主谓宾 He broke into the house
break in vi 强行闯入；插嘴（=cut in ） 主谓
He broke in
break through vt 突破 He broke through the front line of the enemy.
him late for the meeting. 同位语从句 4) The fire broke __o_u_t_ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured. 5）When will your school/the meeting break _____up_____?
--- Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
----- Lack of confidence is his Achille’s heel, I am afraid. 类似的短语：
Are you for real, or are you just pulling my leg?
第二册Unit 4 History and Tradition
单元知识点
1. Confucius n 孔子
Confucian [kənˈfjuʃən] adj 孔子的；儒学的
Confucian school 儒家学派 The Romance of the Three kingdoms
2. Kong Family Mansion 孔府Temple of Confucius 孔庙
6）Jim soon break up ___w_it_h_ his girlfriend because of misunderstanding. With
• 12.belong to 属于 既无被动又无进行时,做后置定语用ing 形式 belongings (pl) (一定用复数）=wealth (不可数n) 所有物；财产；财物 1） Professor Smith keeps telling his students that the future ____b_e_lo_ng_s _to__(属
2).defend vt 为…辩护 defend sb/oneself 为某人/自己辩护
我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。
Our duty is to defend the country ___a_ga_i_n_stits enemies. Thousands of young men came forward, willing to _____d_e_fe_n_d_t_he_i_r _co_u_n_tr_y_______。(保卫他们的国家） He had a lawyer to __d_e_fe_n_d_h_im______(为他辩护）in court. 16.legal adj合法的; 法律的 illegal adj 不合法的
ence/ency
currently adv 当前；目前 now 15. defence n 防御；保卫 in defence of 为…辩护；保卫
defend vt 1). defend … from/against … 保护…免受伤害；保卫… defend one’s country 保卫国家(against the enemy )
扫兴的人或事
laugh one’s head off 大笑不止；狂笑不止 child’s play 很容易的事 last straw 救命稻草 a lucky dog 幸运儿 rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨 ；倾盆大雨
7.chief editor 主编 8. puzzle 1) n 谜 ；疑问 a word puzzle 一个字谜
break out vi (战争、火灾等）突然爆发 Tom and his girlfriend broke up =Tom broke up with his
girlfriend
break up vi （学校）放假；（关系）破裂；（集会）结束 Our school has broken up
break up with sb 和某人分手 反义短语： make up with sb 和某人和好 3). It was the fact that his car broke ____d_o_wnon the way this afternoon that made
be joined to 被连接到…
入党
join the club/the army/ the league/the party 加入俱乐部、参军，入团
join in =take part in =participate in = be involved in 参加
join sb 加入某人 join sb in doing sth 和某人一起做某事
sb be puzzled by sth 被…迷惑； feel puzzled 感到困惑 相由心生 puzzling adj 令人困惑 puzzlement n 迷惑 ；困惑 The girl looked at me with a ___P_u_zz_le_d___expression. Maybe the problem was quite__p_u_zz_lin_g__.（puzzle） Facing the ___pu_z_zli_ng____situation, the chief manager looked___pu_z_zl_ed_. （puzzle）
in the fun.
• 11.break away from 脱离；背叛；逃脱
1）With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to
b_r_e_a_k_a_w_a_y_f_ro_m__（脱离） the Union.
2). The boy ___b_r_o_ke__a_w_a_y_fr_o_m____ (挣脱） his mother and ran away.
9. nearby=surrounding adj 附近的（nearby可做前置定语和后置定语；
surrounding只做前置定语）
adv 在附近 nearby park = park nearby= surrounding park
10. join A to/and B 把… 和…连接或者联结起来=connect A with/to/and B
Cemetery of Confucius 孔林 A dream in Red Mansion 红楼梦
3. Philosophy n 哲学
philosopher [fɪˈlɒsəfə] n 哲学家
4. descendant n 后裔；后代
descend vi [dɪˈsɛnd] 下降；落下；
是什么的后裔 2 plus 3 is 5 time minus 减 -
同某人开玩笑
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers, she felt like a fish out of water.
因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服you invite John to your birthday party?
----- Well, you know he’s a wet blanket. 类似的还有：
She can grow vegetables as well as flowers.
She can grow not only flowers but also vegetables. 2).as well as 可以连接并列的单词和短语 平行结构 (如果是不定式，还是去掉to 用动词原形）
We are repairing the roof as well as ___p_a_in_ti(npgaint) the walls. She can sing as well as ___d_a_n_c_e_(跳舞). You can’t expect her to do the housework as well as ____l_o_ok__af_te_r(照顾）the children. It was a good time to display the kites as well as ____e_n_jo_y__(enjoy) the warm weather and the fresh air. (2020年高一期末语法填空题） 3). as well as 和… 一样好 He can speak English as well as you can. 4). as well as 除了… 之外 ,第二个as 是介词 =except As well as __k_n_ow__in_g(know) some Russian, she speaks English very well.
• 5). as well： 也 ,前面没有逗号，放于句末 用于肯定句：
I like English as well 句末 = I like English, too. 句末 = I also like English. 句中 Either用于否定句
I don’t like English either. 14.currency n 货币；通货 adj current 当前的；流行的 ent
1) Every individual or group is joined ____to__ the world by the Internet.
2). In the evening there were a barbecue, with the whole village____jo_in_in_g(join)