高考英语语法填空技巧与方法高考英语语法填空技巧与方法一、学前热身The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__(help)the needy in her beloved city.She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__(marry) ，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for least on hundred years. Among other things, he owned many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__(rich)women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization_ _5__(found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money. And apparently she did. Missus Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__(main)to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city’s cultural centers，its poor and disabled as __9__ as to many other smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.二、题型介绍(1)短文来源：都来自网上。
(2)短文长度：170-200词。
(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。
(4)短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。
(5)考点设置：①纯空格题：设6-7个小题。
②用括号中所给词填空：设3-4个小题。
(6)答案特点：①纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。
两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。
②用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。
③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。
④两年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。
三、解题高招（一）通读全文，把握大意。
既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。
（二）结合语境，试填空格。
读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。
具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。
逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。
如：[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)。
如：[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.技巧3：句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。
[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。
[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.技巧5：若两句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou.[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. [例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。
如：[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)!(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。
如：[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。
如：[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(4)so /such…that…句型。
如：[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。
如：[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays.(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
然后按以下两点进行思考。
技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。
[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined herInvitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。