从我们的意向上来讲，更倾向于把一个管理信息 系统定义成组织机构中开发的基于计算机网络的 数据处理程序。它集成了如何实时提供有效信息 所必需的操作手册和流程，而这些有效信息正是 支持决策制定和其它必需的管理功能所需要的。
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS

《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》

A DBMS can organize, process, and present (show) selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe*, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring（no happen or appear again） and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague(不清楚) and poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information.
在给定的一定条件下，通过系统地定义和构建的公式 对经济行为建模，经济学家可以研究一个国家的经济 是如何运转的。
采用模拟经济行为和属性的理论模型，而所获得的结果 的准确度和可靠性是要依赖于模型中构建进去的假设。
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
The accuracy and reliability with which a theoretical model mimics the properties and behavior of what /which it attempts to model/depend on the assumptions built into the model.
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS

《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》


You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but (except) the simplest databases. The system software package that handles (deal with) the difficult tasks associated with creating, accessing, and maintaining data base records is called a data base management system (DBMS). The programs in DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database. (These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs and various OS programs.)
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
Information Technology
11.
12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
词汇 Privilege Subclass/super-class Update anomalies UML (unified model language) Referential integrity Tuple (record) Integrity constraints
在面向文件的系统中，在时间许可的条件下， 需要具体特殊信息的用户可以就他们的需求与 程序员进行沟通，让他们写一个或多个程序来 提取自己所需的数据和信息。
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)

《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
The economist may study how the economy of a country will behave, given certain conditions, by construction a system of definitions and formulas that model the behavior of the economy.
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology

《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
18.
19. 20. 21.
22.
23. 24.
词汇 Index card Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) Bottle-neck Deadlock Database architecture Query processing Security mechanisms
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS

《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》

You know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval(检索) needs of organizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about data bases—early ones (database) were chiseled(刻在) in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards(索引卡). But now data bases are commonly recorded on magnetized* media, and programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
Information Technology
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
词汇 primary key/ foreign key/ composite key/candidate key Normal form (范式) Information Retrieval (IR) （信息检索） Bottom-up approach/ top-down approach Concurrency control /access control Fact-finding

在接下来的几页里面，您将会发现，除了最简单 的数据库之外，其它的数据库中都可以找到复杂 的数据关系和链接。ຫໍສະໝຸດ 安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)
《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》

In a file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to a programmer, who, when time permits, will write one or more programs to extract the data and prepare the information.


早期的数据库是把数据刻在石头上，写在卷轴上 和索引卡上。而现在的数据库与它没有什么两样。
You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases.
DBMS&MIS
Relational Model
Physical database design
安徽财贸职业学院 计算机系
Information Technology
1.
《 SQL Server 数据库管理与开发》
2. 3.
4.
词汇 Data dictionary/data warehouse/ data redundancy /data mining/data security/ data integrity/data backup/data recovery/data modeling/data model Entity/Entity Relationship/entity identification Attribute/multi-valued attribute/single-valued attribute / derived attribute/attribute inheritance/ attribute value/simple attribute/composite attribute Conceptual methodology/ physical methodology/ logic methodology