学院本科毕业设计(论文) 开题报告与指导过程记录题目:A Comparative Study in the Usage of Metaphor in Chinese and English Cultures学生姓名：学号：系（部）：外语系专业：英语入学时间：2008年10月导师姓名：职称/学位：讲师/硕士导师所在单位：毕业设计（论文）提交时间：二○ 一一年十一月学院教务处制填写说明一、学生在导师的指导下，根据院系的毕业设计（论文）选题要求进行选题，必须做到一人一题。
二、选题确定后，学生应在院系规定的时间内向导师提交开题报告，导师应认真审阅开题报告并在“导师对选题的评价及开题意见”栏内签署选题评价和是否同意开题的意见。
三、“指导过程记录”由导师根据指导过程的实际情况如实填写，同时要求学生签名确认。
四、“导师对选题的评价及开题意见”的字数应不少于100字，内容应包括以下几方面：①学生的设计（论文）选题是否适当，该选题所具有的理论意义与实践价值；②设计（论文）写作提纲是否得当，是否符合逻辑规范；③文献资料的收集是否充分，时间进度安排是否合理；④设计（论文）开题方面存在的问题和不足等。
五、“导师评语以及建议成绩”一栏是导师对学生提交的毕业设计（论文）定稿所作的总体性评价，字数应不少于150字，内容应包括：①对设计（论文）的整体评价；②对设计（论文）的理论意义与实践价值方面的评价；③对设计（论文）创新性的评价；④对设计（论文）的结构和写作规范的评价；⑤对设计（论文）中存在的不足和今后进一步提高的建议。
六、开题报告与指导过程记录是考核导师工作业绩的依据，在学生论文答辩（二次答辩）结束后由院系根据池州学院本科毕业设计（论文）的装订要求进行装订和存档。
一、选题依据（包括课题研究的意义、研究的现状、主要参考文献等）I.研究的意义（Significance of the Study）：Nowadays, the study of metaphor is not only the object of traditional rhetoric but the object of many other subjects such as linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and translation. This thesis aims to study comparatively the usage of Metaphor in Chinese and English cultures from different angles on the basis of the conceptual metaphor theory. Through the study of metaphors in the two different cultures, we can have a better understanding on metaphor. Meanwhile, we can learn more about the differences of Chinese and English cultures. It benefits for the improvement of our abilities of culture-crossing communications, the foreign language teaching and translations.II.研究的现状(Status Quo of the Study)：At abroad: Metaphor study, as a hot research issue in western countries since Aristotle, has exploded in the last decades. Nowadays, metaphor has been developed from a mere rhetorical device to a multi-disciplinary research subject which is fascinating to more and more scholars worldwide, with their various works from different point of view. Comparison theory inspired by Aristotle asserts that metaphor is a matter of individual word types, not of words or sentences in context. The interaction theory was initially proposed by Richards in The Philosophy of Rhetoric and later developed by Black in the 1960s, posing a position contrary to the comparison theory.A new view of metaphor that challenged all these aspects of the powerful traditional theory in a coherent and systematic way was first developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in 1980s. At home:Some systematic research is conducted by our scholars. In 2000, two academic works on metaphor written by Chinese scholars were published: Shu Dingf ang’s Studies in Metaphor and Yan Shiqing’s On Metaphor. After another year, two more articles were published: one is Shu Dingfang ＆Tang Benqing’s Issues and Research Directions in Metaphor Studies. III.主要参考文献（References）：[1] Berlin, B ＆P, Kay.Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution[M]. Berkeley: University of California Press,1969[2] Black, M. Models and Metaphor [M].New York: Cornell University Press, 1962[3] Brown, P. and Yule, G. Discourse Analysis [M]. Cambridge University Press,1983[4] Chen Peilei A Contrastive Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms [D] Zhengzhou University,2008[5]Fernando, Chitra.Idioms and Idiomaticity. [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2000.[6] Gibbs, R. W. ＆ Steen. J. G. Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics [M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamin’s Publishing Company[7] Lakoff, G. ＆M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.1980[8] Lakoff, G. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1993[9] Richards, A. The Philosophy of Rhetoric [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1936[10] Si Qian A Study of Conceptual Metaphors in Chinese and English Diplomatic Discourses[D]. China University of Petroleum ,2009[11] Wu Qingming A Comparative Study of Metaphors in English and Chinese [D]. Chongqing Normal University,2010[12] Yu Yanping A Comparative Study of Color Metaphors in English and Chinese [D]. Shanghai International Studies University,2009[13] 耿占春.《隐喻》[M]. 东方出版社,1993.[14] 蓝纯. 《从认知角度看汉语和英语的空间隐喻》[D].北京市：外语教学与研究出版社 , 2003[15] 束定芳.《论隐喻与明喻的结构及认知特点》[J].外语教学与研究，2003 (2)二、研究方案（包括主要研究内容、研究方法和研究进度安排）Ⅰ.主要研究内容（ Main Contents ）：This thesis consists of five parts. The first part is the introduction of the study of metaphor,and states the literature review and theoretical background of metaphor. The second part introduces metaphors in English and Chinese idioms. The third part describes metaphor in English and Chinese diplomatic discourses. The fourth part analyses color metaphors in English and Chinese. The last part draws the conclusion of the study.II.研究方法（Research Methodology）：1.Literature research method: read relevant books, journals and nets for researchparative analysis method: analyze the dates collected from the library and theinternet，compare metaphors in Chinese with those in EnglishIII.研究进度安排（Schedule of the Thesis）：Oct. 2011 Subject selecting& topic narrowingNov.2011 Signing the taskDec. 2012 Preparing & handing in the opening reportFeb.2012 Handing in the opening report & the task By the end of Mar. 2012 First draftApr. 2012 Second draftMay. 10th 2012 Final version& handing in the paperBy the end of May. 2012 Finishing the debating三、论文提纲(outline)I. Introduction:Literature Review and Theoretical BackgroundA. Metaphor1. Definition of MetaphorB. Metaphor Study in the West and in ChinaⅡ.Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese IdiomsA.Conceptual MetaphorB. Conceptual Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms1. Orientational Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms2. Ontological Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms3. Structural Metaphors in English and Chinese IdiomsC. SummaryⅢ. Metaphors in English and Chinese Diplomatic DiscoursesA. Journey Metaphors in Chinese and in English diplomatic discoursesB. Human Metaphors in Chinese and in English diplomatic discoursesC. War Metaphors in Chinese and in English diplomatic discoursesD. SummaryⅣ.A Comparative Study of Color Metaphors in English and ChineseA. Similarities between Metaphorical Color Terms in English and Chinese1. White2. Black3. Green4. Red5. Blue6. YellowB. Dissimilarities between Metaphorical Color Terms in English and Chinese1. Black and White2. Yellow and Blue3. Green and RedC. SummaryⅤ. Conclusion。