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定语从句专题讲解

专题讲解:定语从句一. 知识疏理:1. 定语从句2. 先行词3. 关系词的用法:包括关系代词与关系副词二. 专题讲解:一. 什么是定语从句?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当,也可以由一个句子来充当。

定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。

充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

e.g: Tom is a hardworking student who always gets first in his class.汤姆是一个用功的学生,他在班里总是第一名。

(修饰名词student。

)e.g: Football is played over 80 countries, which makes it popular.80多个国家都在踢足球,因此足球很流行。

(修饰整个主句Football is played over 80 countries。

)二. 先行词与关系词1. 什么是先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

e.g: Don't forget the book that I told you to bring.别忘了我让你带的书。

(the book为先行词。

)2. 什么是关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose……关系副词有:where, when, why, ……e.g: I will never forget the days when I stayed in New York.注意:①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。

定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。

.②在定语从句中,关系代词起着代词和连词的作用,关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。

③在定语从句中,关系词代替先行词,因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。

下面的句子是错误的:This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉the book。

)This is the right book that you are looking for it.(应去掉it。

)①常见的关系代词指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物who, that 主格that which, that, whom, that 宾格whosewhoseand class make who/that a teacher Our e.g: chemistry is man can his lovely interesting.我们的化学老师可以使他的课堂生动有趣。

)。

在定语从句中作主语,代指人who/ that(a mane.g: The books that/ which they bought were written by me.他们买的那些书是我写的。

)the books 在定语从句中作宾语,代指物(that/which 。

e.g: Make marks in places where you have questions..(在你有问题的地方做出标记在定语从句中作地点状语。

为关系副词,where)e.g: I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago.我依然记得几十年前我们第一次见面的情景。

(when为关系副词,在定语从句中作时间状语。

)重点:关系代词选择三步骤:步骤一:首先找出先行词。

e.g: The book that/which you just laid on the top shelf is mine.你刚才放在高层书架上的书是我的。

(the book是先行词,指物。

)步骤二:确定先行词在从句中所作的成分。

先行词the book在后面的定语从句中作laid的宾语,因此选择指物的关系代词which/that作宾语。

步骤三:确定关系代词的人称和数。

在此处由先行词the book可知是第三人称单数,如果关系代词作主语,则从句的谓语动词相应用单数。

三。

关系代词的用法:常用关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, 等。

这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

关系代词主要起三种作用:代替先行词、在定语从句中作成分、连接先行词与定语从句。

e.g: This is an old computer. It works much slower.这是一台旧电脑。

它工作起来速度较慢。

(普通代词it代替an old computer。

)This is an old computer which/that works much slower.这是一台工作起来速度较慢的旧电脑。

(关系代词which/ that代替an old computer。

)(1)who/whom的用法二者都用于指人。

who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom在定语从句只作宾语。

e.g: In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250 000.在这次地震中死亡的人数多达250 000。

(who在定语从句中作主语。

)e.g: The man whom you met just now is my friend.你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。

(whom在定语从句作宾语。

)(2)whose的用法:whose一般指人,但有时也指物。

在定语从句中作定语。

e.g: You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.只有你的建议他可能会听。

(whose在定语从句中作advice的定语。

)I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个通过窗户可以俯看大海的房间。

(whose在从句中作window的定语。

)(3)which的用法:which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

e. g: Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的一项运动。

(which在定语从句中作主语)e. g: This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的那支钢笔。

(which在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)(4)that的用法: that指人或物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,还可作表语。

作宾语或表语时可省略。

指人时相当于who或whom,指物时相当于which.e. g: The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year is rising.每年来参观这个城市的人的数量在增多。

(that在定语从句中当主语)e. g: Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?我今天上午见到的那个人在哪儿?(that在定语从句作宾语)四.关系副词的用法:常用的关系副词有where, when, why, that等。

这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

(1)where的用法:在定语从句中作地点状语,指代地点。

此时常可用in which, on which, at which, to which等结构代替。

e.g: Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(=Potato can be grown in places in which it is too cold to grow rice.)有些太冷不能种稻米的地方,可以种马铃薯。

(2)when的用法:在定语从句中作时间状语,往往代指时间。

此时常可用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。

e.g: I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.(=I shall never forget the days on which we worked on the farm.)我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。

(3)why的用法:why在定语从句中作原因状语。

可以用for which代替。

why 不可引导非限制性定语从句,此时可用for which代替。

e.g: I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.我来是为了向你解释我当时没到会的原因。

(why在从句作原因状语。

)(4)that的用法在表明方式、时间或地点的先行词后面,常用that来代替in which,when或where,that也可省去。

that在句中不作任何成分,只起到引导定语从句的作用,修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place等,此时也可换为其他相应的关系副词。

①表示方式时。

that(=in which)常省略。

此时不能用how引导定语从句,但把the way去掉之后。

可直接用how引导方式状语。

e.g: Can you work out a way (that/ in which)we can solve this problem?你能找出一种我们可以解决这个问题的方法吗?(that在定语从句中不作成分。

)②表示地点时,that(=where=介词+which)也可省略。

e.g: I have never been to the places(that/ where/ in which)the Indians live.我从未到过那些印第安人居住的地方。

(that在定语从句中不作成分。

)③表示时间时,that(=when=介词+which)也可省略。

e.g: I still remember the days (that/ when/on which)I helped my father on the farm. 我仍然记得在农场上给我爸爸帮忙的日子。

(that在定语从句不作成分。

)④另外,关系副词that有时还可用来代替关系副词why,表示原因。

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