Elias’ StoryMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when(at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.The time was a very difficult period of my life. (at The time) I first met Nelson Mandela.I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.Mandela was the black lawyer.I went to the black lawyer for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时使用as或which 做关系词，代整个主句，as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

A woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As can be seen from his eyes, he is angry.I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six.The school where(in/at which)I studied for only twoyears was three kilometers away.The school was three kilometers away.I studied (in/at The school) for only two yearsI had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well. After (I was)trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.状语从句中的省略省略句的规则1.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it)．2.从句谓语中包含be动词be doing,be done,be to do,be+adj满足这两个条件可以省去从句的主语和be动词．保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等。

You can’t speak until (you are) spoken to.I’ll buy a new phone if(it is) necessary.While (I was) running, I heard my name called.However, this was a time when(at which) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.this was a time.one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg(at a time).Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when(on which)Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.The day was one of my happiest.Nelson Mandela helped me (on The day).He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.as...as "和...一样",同级比较.第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词.其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv.+as.This film is as interesting as that one.Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.否定式为not as +adj./ adv.+as.This dictionary is not as useful as you think.若有倍数修饰,如twice,three times,half,a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前.Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍.He said:“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress,我们赋予无生命主语以人或人的团体所特有的动作，常用see，find，tell，say等动词作谓语，来使用拟人手法，增加句子的表现力。

My watch says it is five o’clock now.The one look had told Mary what sort of man she had todeal with.The sight of the boy always reminds me of her parents．This old building has seen wonderful days.Many troubles visited the poor old man last year.until today we have reached a stage where(onwhich)we have almost no rights at all.”we have reached a stage.we have almost no rights at all (on a stage).It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted.They could not get the jobs.they wanted the jobs.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词常常省略。

The man whom/that we saw yesterday is Mr.Brown.The man we saw yesterday is Mr.Brown.The picture which/that your are looking at was painted by me.The picture your are looking at was painted by me.介词前置在关系代词之前，关系代词绝对不可省。

The girl with whom I work is coming.The window through which you can see many people is ver large. The parts of town in which(where)they had to live were decided by white people.The parts of town were decided by white people.they had to live in The parts of town.The places outside the towns where(in which)they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.The places outside the towns were the poorest parts of South Africa.they were sent to live (in The places).No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:“…we were put into a position in which(where) we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.we were put into a position.we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government in a position.either...or... "或者……或者……；不是……就是……"When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances.either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致, "就近原则".Either you or I am going there tomorrow.Are either you or I going there tomorrow?Either you or he has lunch at school.Do either you or he have lunch at school?对either...or...句型进行否定时,只需either...or...换成neither...nor...Either you or she is good at drawing. 你或她擅长绘画.Neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不擅长绘画. neither...nor... "既不……也不……"She likes neither butter nor cheese.neither...nor...连接两个主语时,也应遵循"就近原则".Neither Tom nor his parents are at home today.neither...nor...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式.Neither Tom nor Jack likes football.Both Tom and Jack like football.We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;We first broke the law in a way.a way was peaceful.when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”“only＋状语”在句首时，句子要部分倒装。