• 什么是定语从句呢？
答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词 的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
The man ___ who lives next to us is a ______ ________________ 定语从句 先行词 关系词 policeman.
关系词
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose
It’s an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .
《飘》
Gon a book that/which was written by Margaret Mitchell.
It’s the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.
It’s an animal that/which….
It’s an animal that / which has big nose.
Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空
1. The boy ____________ who / that is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 2. The e-mail ___________ which/ that I received yesterday was from my sister. who / that 3. I hate people ______________ talk much but do little. which / that my father bought last 4. The car _____________ month is very beautiful.
whose hair is white is his grandfather. 5. The man ______ whose 6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man? which 7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years. 8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ that you talked about just now.
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese. _______________________________________ 3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking. I don’t like the man who is smoking. ____________________________________ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. Where is the picture that you bought last week? _______________________________________
• which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作 宾语，可以省略. • who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，
可以省略,（常用whom）
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语 从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有五种： 1.当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 That’s all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词 只能用that.
Exercise 2.
1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about that they couldn’t the persons and things ______ remember. that 2. Say all ________ you know.
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons. 3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修 饰时。 That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used. 4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的 关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who. Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?
2. The thief has been sent to prison.
The police caught the thief last night.
The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.
小结： • that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语， 不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.
关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从 句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词， 关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语)
who / that 作主语. (不能省) This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. This is the film star who/ that is very popular in China. (作主语) 1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy. 2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday? 3. The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.
当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句， 而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用 that.
关系副词： when/ where/why
when 作时间状语: When = 介词 + which
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day. She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married. It was the year. The World War I broke out in the year. It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.
This is a dream. The dream will never come true. This is a dream which/that will never come true. （作主语） The dog has been found. The dog was lost. The dog which was lost has been found.
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
whose 作定语,表示所属关系。 The boy is my classmate. The boy’s father is a policeman.
初中定语从句讲解
屏南中学
周蕙群
A matching
game！！！
Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates. _______________________________________
This is the card ( which / that ) I’ve just receiv （作宾语） Practise:
1.This is the mistake which /that I always make. 2. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
Practise: 1.This is the house which is for sale. 2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略） This is the card. I’ve just received the card.