Exercise 1. He treats his sick wife poorly. 他待他有病的妻子不好。 2. Appearances are deceptive. 3.His refusal is not final. 外貌是靠不住的。
他的拒绝并非不可改变。
翻译技巧3： 翻译技ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ ：词序的调整
英汉两种语言中主要成分的语序大体一致， 皆遵循“主语+谓语+宾语（或表语）的规则。 但由于表达习惯和排列规则上存在种种差异， 两种语言在词序方面还有许多不同之处，这 就要求在英汉翻译中对词序加以必要的调整 或改变，以便使译文更加通顺、自然。下面 着重探讨英汉翻译中需要调整词序的几种情 况：定语、壮语、插入语、倒装结构、平行 成分。
并列成分的词序调整 英语中并列成分的词序一般按照逻辑上的轻重、前后、 因果或部分-整体的顺序安排，而汉语通常将较大、较 强、较突出的成分前置。
elementary and secondary schools 中小学 heal the wounded and rescue the dying 救死扶伤 food, clothing, shelter and transportation 衣食住行
I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章，但没料想你这样年轻。
1、肯定译作否定 I regret to learn that you have failed in the examination. 得知你未能通过考试，深表遗憾。 She missed the point of his joke. 她没有听懂他讲的笑话。 On Sunday Jim idles away his time. 星期天吉姆无所事事。 You may safely say so. 你这样说错不了。
一个句子中同时出现几个壮语时的词序调整 英语： 方式壮语---地点壮语---时间壮语 汉语： 时间壮语---地点壮语---方式壮语 They heatedly discussed the subject in the classroom yesterday evening. 他们昨晚在教室热烈地讨论了这个题目。 2004年6月3日上午10时，她出生于中国河南省郑州市。 She was born at ten in the morning, June 3, 2004, in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
I was at a loss to understand what he alluded to. 我无法领会他谈话中所指的是什么？ The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆太不让人满意了。 It’s human nature to want something better. 人总是不满足于现状。 I am wiser than to believe such stories. 我不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。
分译和合译
英语同汉语在句法结构与造句规则上差异很大。英语 重形合，其连接手段丰富多样。一方面可以利用介词 短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及各种并列结构，组 成很长的单句，另一方面还可以使用相应的连接词或 关系词，将适当的分句或小句组合成更长的复合句或 复杂句。汉语更注意意合，汉语没有词形变化，较少 使用连接词，较多使用动词。在表达比较复杂的概念时， 汉语常用一组分立的中短句、并列的散句或流水句。 总的说来，汉语句子一般要比英语句子简短
For many years there was no closeness between the two countries. 两国关系曾疏远了许多年。
有些句子正译、 有些句子正译、反译皆可
Much to our regret the packing of the landed goods is quite different from that you have promised. 十分遗憾，到货的包装与贵方承诺的相差很大/大不相同。 They have found your terms and conditions agreeable. 他们同意你方条款。/ 他们对你方条款没有异议。
插入语词序的调整 插入语通常与句中其它成分在语法上并无十分密切的联系， 将其省却的句子仍然成立。插入语一般用逗号与句 子其他部分隔开，常用来对全句加以补充说明或表达个 人看法。其在句中的位置较灵活。
She is not quite fit for this kind of work, if I may say so.
她在家很忙，又要看孩子，又要下厨房。
反译法（反面着笔法） 反译法（反面着笔法）
英语和汉语中往往均可用肯定形式或否定形式表达同一 概念。 相当难 quite difficult 不很容易 not very easy 不遗余力 竭尽全力 完全一致 毫无二致 spare no effort do one’s utmost just the same without the slightest difference
2、否定译作肯定 The boss could fire any employee who had ever displeased him. 老板可以开除任何曾得罪他的雇员。 Bill is too indecisive to make a good leader. 比尔优柔寡断，当不了好领导。 There is nothing like mineral water to quench one’s thirst. 矿泉水是解渴的最好饮料。 Her escape was nothing short of miraculous. 她的脱险可以说是一个奇迹。
Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们最需要的，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用时间。 Julia continued to look absently at the sea. 朱丽亚一直心不在焉地看着大海。 The explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释的理由很不充分。 These official documents shall form an integral part of this contract. 这些正式文件必须作为合同不可分割的组成部分。
1.She has made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.
她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子， 结果并未成功。
2. She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.
It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out. 甚至只要有一点风声泄露出去，其结果就不堪设想。 He is beyond doubt an enterprising young man. 无疑，他是一位有进取心的青年人。 It will generally be found that the men who are habitually behind time are as habitually behind success. 人们通常看到，习惯不准时的人通常也不会成功。 You’d better write down his address now before you forget it. 趁还没有忘记，你最好现在就把他的地址写下来。
1
定语词序的调整 英语中的定语既可以由单词担当，也可以由短语 或从句充任，既可以置于所修饰的中心词之前， 又可以位于所修饰的中心词之后。汉语的定语一 般放在所修饰的中心词之前。 This is the only reference book available here on the subject. 这是这里唯一能找到的有关该题目的参考书。 The neighbors upstairs came to his rescue and drove him to the hospital. 楼上的邻居赶来帮助他，开车把他送往了医院。
如果我可以这样说的话，她做这工作不怎么太合适。
There were eighteen people present, to be precise.
确切地说，出席的有18人。
倒装句词序的调整 根据汉语的表达习惯，有些英语倒装句仍可基本保持原 文的词序。但在很多情况下需对原有的词序加以调整， 以便使译文更加地道自然。 Something we gladly remember; others we gladly forget. 有些事情我们高兴牢记，有些事，我们乐得忘却。 Our society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也变了。 Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points. 他还没说完，就有人起来驳斥他的论点。
壮语词序的调整 英语壮语的位置非常灵活。而按照汉语的表达习惯，壮语 壮语往往前置。 I remember having seen him somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过他。 He is a responsible man in spite of his shortcomings. 他尽管有缺点，却是一个负责的人。 There isn’t such a word in English so far as I know. 据我所知，英语里并没有这样一个词。 Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难，请给我一个信。