中国海洋大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employersfor economic and job benefits.They exist to create1and economicpower against private management and the2to achieve their goals.These goals are primarily higher3,better working conditions,andjob security.4organized to achieve these goals are usually complexin their social and psychological detail。
Union movements occurred in the5half of the1700s in the U.S.Carpenters,printers,and shoemakers formed organizations as earlyas1791in Philadelphia,Boston and New York.These6in most casesover social and economic7between workers and employers when rapid8in a young development country began to break down the familiar modesof9and the close ties between workers and employers。
A long,hard drive for legalization of union10Unions fought withcompanies and11courts for legitimacy and status.Unions were12asa threat to free enterprise and private property,and13to politicaland economic stability.They were also considered radical,and Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi companies resistedthem14.Violent conducts were frequent on both sides.The governmentat times moved in state police to suppress the more15conflicts.Unionworkers themselves often punished other workers who did not back theirpolicies。
Unions in the U.S.have always16a practical direction.They have not adopted radical ideologies or17goals.A major force in union organizing in the early part of the century,Samuel Gompers,took a practical approach.He18“bread and butter unionism”or“pure and simple unionism。
”He was interested in immediate,practical gains—higher wages and shorter19.He sided with no political party, only20politicians who could help。
1. A.political B.principal C.crucial munal2. A.department ernment C.section partment3. A.position B.rank C.wages D.benefits4. A.Arrangements B.Adjustments C.Dynamics D.Movements5. tter B.former C.early ter6. A.arouse B.arose C.arised D.aroused7. A.contradiction B.dispute C.conflict D.debate8. A.improvements B.rhythm C.pace D.alterations9. A.production B.living munication merce10. A.pursued B.followed C.gathered unched11. A.idealistic B.supportive C.unsympathetic D.advisable12. A.depicted B.defined C.determined D.referred to13. A.therefore B.moreover C.nevertheless D.nonetheless14.A.energetically B.vigorously C.spontaneously D.promptly15. A.brutal B.urgent C.fierce D.emergent16. A.stood by B.strove for C.sought after D.stuck to17.A.unrealistic B.practical C.unreasonable D.practicable18. A.opposed B.advocated C.rejected D.approved19. A.times B.hours C.whiles D.periods20. A.against B.to C.for D.withII Reading and Vocabulary:50pointsText1Tight-lipped elders used to say,“It’s not what you want in this world,but what you get。
”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things。
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If we intend to have friends to dinner,we plan the menu,make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first,and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served。
Likewise,if you want to find a job,take a sheet of paper,and write a brief account of yourself.In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself,for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services。
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education,experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether youreducation,your experience,and other qualifications,will pay him to employ you and your“wares”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something tangible to sell.Then you are ready to hunt for a job.Get all the possible information about your could-be job.Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open,and use your own judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind:Securing a job is your job now。