句 3. 非延续性动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成 的现在完成时不能与表示一段时间的状 语连用。但这类动词的否定式可表示动 作的持续过程, 具有持续性, 因而可与 since或for构成的时间状语连用。如： This dictionary has not been borrowed since last week. 自上周以来没人借过这本 字典。
4. He has given the children many good books. →The children have been given many good books./Many good books have been given to the children. 5. The nurse has taken good care of the patient. → The patient has been taken good care of (by the nurse) →Good care has been taken of the patient (by the nurse).
现在完成时(主动语态)
1. 结构：have/has + done 2. 概念与用法： ①表示过去发生或已经完成的某个动作 对现在产生的影响或结果。经常和 already, yet, just 等连用。 ②表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(可 能还会继续下去)的动作和状态。
常与下列时间短语连用: 1. for + 一段时间；since + 时间点/ 从句 2. so far, up till now, up to now，until now 迄今为止，至今 3. for/in /during the last/past …years/months/ weeks) 在最近 的……年/月/星期里 4.最近：recently, lately, in recent years 5. 从……以来: ever since
has gone (go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? 5. She ________ —Yes, she has. go(go) there? —How ____ did she ___ —She _____ went (go) there by air.
6. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He _______ has been(be) there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is already visited working for a big firm and he has ___________ (already, visit) a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an gone Australian car and has ________(go) to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he has never been will fly (fly) to Perth. My brother ______ ______ (never, be) abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
Where has your laptop 特殊疑问词 been repaired? +have/has (+主 语)+been done
小结：
现在完成时的被动语态由have/
has been+过去分词”构成，动词 have/ has必须与主语在人称和数上
保持一致。
二、用法 [熟读深思] 仔细阅读下列句子, 归纳 现在完成时被动语态的用法。 1. —Why not go into the classroom? — The door has been locked.
5. A way has been thought of to do it. → He has thought of a way to do it.
6. They can go home if their work has been done on time.
[用法归纳] 句1. 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发 生在过去的被动动作, 它有两层含义： (1)动作已经完成, 强调对现在造成的影响 或结果。 (2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。又 如：Our classroom has been cleaned; you needn’t clean it now.我们的教室已经被清 扫了, 你不必清扫了。
4. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. (×) Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. ( )
Part 6
Grammar
复习现在完成时主动语态 语法热身练习
用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 cleaned (clean) the 1. The students ________ windows of the classroom half an hour ago.
2. The students ____________________ have cleaned/have been cleaning (clean) the windows of the ________ classroom since half an hour ago.
一、构成 根据例句写出现在完成时被动语态的构成。
句式 肯定句
否定句 一般疑 问句 特殊疑 问句
例句 构成 A plan has been made. have/has been done
My computer has not been repaired. Have the problem been solved yet? have/has not been done Have/has +主语 +been done
一、句型转换 将下列句子变为被动句。 1. She has told us an interesting story. → We have been told an interesting story (by her)/An interesting story has been told the girl laugh. → The girl has been made to laugh.
3. We have built many houses in the past ten years. →Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
They have taken good care of these children. → These children have been taken good care of. → Good care has been taken of these children.
句 6. 在时间、条件状语从句中, 可以用现 在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被 动语态。又如： I will go home when my homework has been finished. By the time the experiment has been done, you will find it very interesting and useful. Once a promise has been made, it should not be broken.
have developed 3. So far, many countries ____________ (develop) their software programs. 4. I have _________(read) the novel twice. It’s read interesting.
2. The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 3. How long has this dictionary been borrowed? (×) How long has this dictionary been kept? ( )
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This (That / It) is the first (second…) time that + 完成时 This (That / It) is the only … + that + 完 成时 This (that / It) is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
句 4. 不及物动词happen, take place 等不用于被动语态。 Something bad has been happened to him. (×) Something bad has happened to him. ( )
句 5. 短语动词变被动语态时, 后面 的介词不可遗漏。又如： We should make full use of our time. → Our time should be made full use of. → Full use should be made of our time.