Unit four Earthquakes1. burst爆裂,突发The square is bursting with tourists. 广场上到处都是游客。
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
联想扩展：(1) burst in on…突然打断He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。
(2) burst into +n. 突然…The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。
(3) burst out + doing突然…The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。
(4) burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事I am bursting to tell you the news. 我迫不及待的想告诉你这个消息。
2. suffer用法归纳：A, 受苦He suffered terribly when his mother died.B, 受到损失If I lost, my self-esteem will suffer.C, 遭受 He suffered no pain联想扩展：suffer from1、受…之苦I suffered most from lack of rest.2、患…病I am suffering from a cold.特别提示：suffer表示“患…病”时，后面一般跟疾病名称。
_______ such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river .A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered3. reach用法归纳：（1）到达The started early, hoping to reach there before dark. 它们很早就出发，希望天黑前到达那里。
易混辨析：reach; get; arrive 到达reach后直接加地点；get加to再加地点；arrive后加at/ in再加地点，at 后加小地点；in 后加大地点。
如果表示地点的词是副词，get和arrive后都不能用介词。
另外，只表示“到了”，不强调到什么地方用arrive。
（2）达到The number of the students in our school will reach 2000 next year.（３）用手或脚够到Can you reach the book on the top of the shelf? 你能够到书架顶上的那本书吗？特别提示：reach还可以作名词，表示“用手或脚能够到的范围；管辖范围或臂展”。
Please pass me the salt, it’s out of my reach. 请把盐递给我，我够不到。
（4）传到某人手中/耳中Your letter reached me yesterday. 我昨天收到你的来信。
The news reached me just now. 我刚刚听到那个消息。
（5）通向；延伸Where does this road reach? 这条路通向哪里？即时活用：1、Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.A. geteC. reachD. arrive2、Dear Jenny, thank you for your letter which ______ on April 1st.A. arrivedB. arrived atC. arrivingD. arrived me3、It is _______that the letter will ____you this afternoon.A. most like; arriveB. likely; reachC. mostly like; getD. best like; reach4. cover（1）覆盖The playground is covered by fallen leaves, we should clean it. 特别提示：表示“覆盖”时，常用cover…with / by句型，并且译法比较灵活。
I am covered by dust. 我满身都是土。
She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手捂着脸。
（2）包括；包含；涉及The study of physics covers many subjects.(3) 保护；掩护The mother covered the baby from the falling ceiling.母亲保护婴儿不受下落的天花板的伤害。
（4）走完多少路；看完多少页书。
I can cover 100 Li on foot a day. 我一天不行能走100里。
How many pages have you covered? 你看完了多少页书？（5）占多大面积Our school covers an area of 60.000 square meters. 我们学校占地60000平方米。
特别提示：表示“占多大面积”用…covers an area of +数词。
（6）采访The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event. 主编派了一记者去采访整个事件。
1、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and ____ an area of 15 square kilometers.A. coveredB. being coveredC. coveringD. covers2、This is a long hard winter, with everything _______ white.A. coveredB. covered byC. coveringD. covering with3、This book is said to be a special one which ________ many events not found in other history books.A. writesB. coversC. printsD. reads4、This is a long hard winter, with everything _______ white.A. coveredB. covered byC. coveringD. covered with5、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and ____ an area of 15 square kilometers.A. coveredB. being coveredC. coveringD. covers5. dig out挖出；发现；捐钱It is not easy to dig out the past. 发掘过去的历史是不容易的。
He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。
联想扩展：dig down 挖下dig in 开始细致的工作dig at 挖苦；嘲笑某人dig deep 挖深；挖出来dig for 发掘；搜集dig into 钻研dig up 掘起；挖出6. 表示方位的介词in / on / to / off用法归纳：（1）in 表示在范围里的某个方向Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
(2) on表示接壤Canada is on the north of the USA. 加拿大在美国北边。
(3) to表示不在范围里，也不接壤Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国东边。
特别提示：上边的句子可以改写为：Japan lies east of China.或者East of China lies Japan.改正过的句子省略了介词to，原因在于表示方向的名词还可以作副词，表示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。
(4) off 表示A. 在范围里但不接壤（多指各国的岛屿）Taiwan is off the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。
B. 在离…不远处My house is off the main road. 我家离大路不远。
1、Taiwan lies______ the southeast of Fujian, which is ______ southeast of China.A. in; onB. to; inC. on; inD. to; on2、They traveled ________, all the way up to Wisconsin .A. the northB. in the northC. northD. the south7. keep / stop /prevent…from doing防止/阻止…发生What prevented you from coming on time? 什么事情使你没有按时到？主动句中，stop和prevent 后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略。
被动句中，三个词后面的from都不能省略。
即时活用：It seems very difficult _________.A. to stop the child to cryB. preventing the child cryingC. to keep the child from cryingD. holding the child’s crying8. make sure = be sure(1) + to do 一定；务必Be sure to come on time this afternoon. 下午一定要按时到。