动词的时态1.一般现在时①主句是一般将来时,但其时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时表示将来;If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.I will tell him the news as soon as he comes here.②在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
注意：Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called2.现在进行时①表示按计划安排即将发生的动作(表示位移的非延续性动词，只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay，die等）。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.②代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
③与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情；He is always helping others.④大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
▲感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear ▲情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear ▲心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, know▲所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.现在完成时①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作；I have finished the report. She has cleaned the room.②表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用；He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college.③“have/has been to”和“have/has gone to”。
④在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge . We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时；如：I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call you when she gets home.⑤短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说：He has joined the army three years.可采用：▲“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago. ▲“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.▲“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.“in（over）the past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。
He has been to Beijing 3 times in the past 5 years.4.现在完成进行时：行为从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在,并且现在仍在进行。
结构：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. We have been building the bridge for 5 years.5.一般过去时①表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作行为He often sang when he was a boy. He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.②用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。
I didn’t know you were here.Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. I’m sorry,I didn’t see you.6.过去进行时①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作；He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were still working when I left.③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he was watching TV.④过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay,die等）；用进行时态表示将来。
He said she was arriving the next day.⑤与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情。
She was always buying clothes.7.过去完成时①表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.②表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.③过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose，wish, want）。
I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.8.一般将来时▲will/shall do （侧重行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）▲be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生) ▲be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用) ▲be (about) to do (按计划即将发生)①现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态Tom will come next week.②事物的固有属性或必然趋势Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water.③对将来某个动作的安排、计划He is going to speak on TV this evening.9.将来完成时：用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。
常和by，when,before引起的时间状语连用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. We will have collected 100 stamps next year.10.过去将来时①过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的打算(主要用于宾语从句中）；I thought you would come.②表示过去经常发生的动作。
When he was young, he would go swimming. （would与used to的区别）11.过去完成进行时表示动作或状态在过去某个时间已经进行了一段时间并且仍在继续进行。
We had been waiting for him 5 hours by 8 o’clock . They had been building the house for 2 years by last year.12.过去将来进行时过去某一时刻后将要进行的动作或状态。
He said in the fall he would be enjoying the rice he planted now. 13.过去将来完成时过去某一时刻后将要完成的动作或状态。
He said he would have collected more than 100 stamps the next year.14.过去将来完成进行时过去某一时刻后将要完成一部分但整体仍在进行的动作或状态。
He said he would have been sitting there for 5 hours by 5 PM that afternoon.15.要求一定时态的固定的句型①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事，这时突然) I was reading a book when the bell rang.②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事，这时突然) We were about to leave when he came in.③It(This) is(was,will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…have done…It has been--- times that he has been to Beijing.④It is/has been… since…It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.⑤Hardly… when…\No sooner… than…We had hardly got there when it began to rain.-------------Hardly had we got there when it began to rain.I had no sooner come in than the door was closed.---------No sooner had I come in than the door was closed.。