2018 年12 月英语六级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part n Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题(更新至2018 年12月) +听力原频Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Atthe end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B) It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2. A) Physicists ' contribution to humanity.B) Stories about some female physicists.C) Historical evoluti on of moder n physics.D) Women ' s changing attitudes to physics.3. A)By expos ing a lot of myths in physics.B) By describ ing her own life experie nces.C) By in cludi ng lots of fasci nati ng kno wledge.D) By telli ng an ecdotes about famous professors.4. A) It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B) It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C) It dem on strates how they can become physicists.D) It provides experime nts they can do themselves.Questi ons 5 to 8 are based on the conv ersati on you have just heard.5. A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B) He does not know what kid of topic to write on.C) He does not understand the professor ' s instructions.D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.B) It is outdated.C) It is challe nging.D) It is in terest ing.7. A) Biography.B) Nature.C) Photography.D) Beauty.8. A) Improve his cumulative grade.B) Develop his read ing ability.C) Stick to the topic assig ned.D) List the parameters first.Secti on BDirect ion s:I n this sect ion, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questi ons. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A) C) and D). Then mark the,B), corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Questi ons 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) The un precede nted high temperature in Gree nland.B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C) The unu sual clod spell in the Arctic area in October.D) The rapid cha nge of Arctic temperature within a day.10. A) It has created a totally new climate pattern.B) It will pose a serious threat to many species.C) It typically appears about once every ten years.D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11. A) Ext in ction of Arctic wildlife.B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.C) Emigrati on of in dige nous people.D) Better un dersta nding of ecosystems.Questi ons 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A good start.B) A detailed pla n.C) A stro ng determ in atio n.D) A scie ntific approach.13. A) Most people get en ergized after a sufficie nt rest.B) Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D) It is most importa nt to have con fide nee in one ' s willpower.14. A) They could keep on work ing Ion ger.B) They could do more challe nging tasks.C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D) They held more positive attitudes toward life.15. A) They are part of their n ature.B) They are subject to cha nge.C) They are related to culture.D) They are bey ond con trol.Section CDirections: In this sect ion, you will hear three recordi ngs of lectures or talks followed by three or four questi ons. The record ings will be played only on ce. After you hear a questi on, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the cen tre.Questi ons 16 to 18 are based on the record ing you have just heard.16. A) About half of curre nt jobs might be automated.B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threate ned.C) The jobs market is beco ming somewhat un predictable.D) Machi ne lear ning would prove disruptive by 2013.17. A) They are widely applicable for massive ope n on li ne courses.B) They are now being used by nu merous high school teachers.C) They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a sin gle minute.D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18. A) It n eeds in struct ions throughout the process.B) It dose poorly on freque ncy, high-volume tasks.C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) The engineering problems with solar power.B) The gen erati on of steam with the latest tech no logy.C) The importa nee of explori ng new en ergy sources.D) The theoretical aspects of susta in able en ergy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.B) Upgrade the city ' s train facilities.C) Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.D) Cut-down the city ' s energy consumption.21. A) Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B) Find a new material for storing energy.C) Recover super-heated steam.D) Collect carb on dioxide gas.22. A) The lack of supervisi on by both the n ati on and local gover nment.B) The impact of the curre nt econo mics crisis at home and abroad.C) The poor man ageme nt of day cen tres and home help services.D) The poor relati on betwee n n ati onal heath and social care services. Questi ons 23 to 25 are based on the record ing you have just heard.23. A) It was mainly provided by volun tary services.B) It mainly caters to the n eed of privileged.C) It called for a sufficie nt nu mber of volun teers.D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24. A) Their Ion ger lifespa ns.B) Fewer home helpers available.C) Their prefere nee for private services.D) More of them sufferi ng serious ill ness.25. A) They are un able to pay for health services.B) They have long bee n discrim in ated aga in st.C) They are vuln erable to ill ness and diseases.D) They have con tributed a great deal to society.Part 川Readi ng Comprehe nsion (40 min utes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp onding letter for each item on An swerSheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more tha n on ce.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.In what ' s probably the craziest headline I ' ve ever written, I ' ve reported that 26 in livestock protectio n are happe ning with scie ntists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who ' re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect theirlivestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that 27 would have been unn ecessary. Researchers in Australia have bee n 28 and testi ng a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the pain ted eyes on cow butts.This idea is based on the prin ciple that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack whe n they feel they are being watched. As con servati on areas become smaller, lio ns are in creas in gly coming into con tact with huma n populatio ns, which are expa nding to the 30 of these protected areas.Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for con servati on. “ If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswa na-a nd 31 —with alow-cost, susta in able tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed. ”Lions are 32 ambush( 埋伏)hu nters, so whe n they feel their prey has 33 them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are 34 testi ng their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have pain ted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.A) adva nces I) otherwiseB) boun daries J) predatorsC) challe nging K) primarilyD) curre ntly L) retortedE) determ ine M) spottedF) devis ing N) testim oniesG) elsewhere O) wrestleH) n everthelessSecti on BDirections: In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains in formatio n give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the in formati on is derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha n on ce.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.Resilie nee Is About How You Recharge, Not How You En dure[A] As con sta nt travelers and pare nts of a 2-year-old, we sometimesfan tasize about how much work we can do whe n one of us gets on apla ne, un distracted by phon es, frie nds, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: pack ing, going through security, doing a last- minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amaz ing work sessi on in flight, we get nothing done. Eve n worse, after refresh ing our email orreadi ng the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted whe n we land to soldier on with（继续处理）the emails that have in evitably still piled up.[B] why should flying deplete us? We ' re just sitting there doingnothing. Why can ' t we be tougher, more resilient（有复原力的）and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our curre nt research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient,and the result ing impact of overwork ing.[C] We often take a militaristic, “ tough ” approach to resilienee and determ in ati on like a Marine pulli ng himself through the mud, a boxergoing one more round, or a football player pick ing himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the Ion ger we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be.However, this en tire con cepti on is scie ntifically in accurate.[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically hold ing back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlati on betwee n lack of recovery and in creasedin cide nee of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery —whetherby disrupt ing sleep with thoughts of work or hav ing con ti nu ous cog nitive arousal by watchi ng our phones ——is cost ing our compa nies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.[E] And just because work stops, it doesn ' t mean we are recovering.We “stop ” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we ' ll do tomorrow. I n a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegia ns have become workaholics（工作狂）.The scie ntists cite a definition “workaholism ” as “ being overly concerned about work,drive n by an uncon trollable work motivatio n, and inv esti ng so much time and effort in work that it impairs other importa nt life areas. ”[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definitionin cludes the majoriy of America n workers, which prompted us to beg in a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical compa ny to exam ine how tech no logy exte nds our work ing hours and thus in terferes with n ecessary cog nitive recovery, result ing in huge health care costs and tur no ver costs for employers.[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age.Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high schoolstudent staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortio n of resilie nce! A resilie nt child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted stude nt goes to school, he risks hurt ing every one on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn ' t have the cognitive resources to dowell on his En glish test; he has lower self-c on trol with his frie nds; and at home, he is moody with his pare nts. Overwork and exhausti on are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we ' re young on ly magnify whe n we hit the workforce.[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recoveryzone, otherwise you risk bur no ut. Gatheri ng your resources to “ try hard requires burning en ergy in order to overcome your curre ntly low arousal level. It also worse ns exhausti on. Thus the more imbala need we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities the allow us to return to a state of bala nee. The value of a recovery period rises in proporti on to the amount of work required of us.[I] So how do we recover and build resilie nee? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writhing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you ' ll have your energy back. But surely every one read ing this has had times whe n youlie in bed for hours,un able to fall asleep because your brains is thi nking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That ' s because rest and recovery are not the same thi ng.[J] If you ' re trying to build resilienee at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropleyand Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “I nternal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxati on that take place within the frames of the work day or the work sett ing in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other worktasks whe n the men tai or physical resources required for the in itial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. Exter nai recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work —e.g. in the free time betwee n the work days, and duri ng weeke nds, holidays or vacati ons. ” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political comme ntary on your pho ne or get stressed thinking about decisi ons about how to reno vate your home, your brain has not received a break from high men tal arousal states. Our brains n eed a rest as much as our bodies do.[K] If you really want to build resilie nee, you can start by strategically stopp ing. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creat ing internal and exter nal recovery periods. Amy Bla nkson describes how to strategically stop duri ng the dayby using tech no logy to con trol overwork ing. She suggests dow nl oad ing the In sta nt or Mome nt apps to see how many times you turn on your pho ne each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Un plugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduli ng automatic airpla ne modes. The average pers on turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would acco unt for 2.5 hours a day.[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but in steadspe nd time outside or with your frie nds —not talk ing about work. Take allof your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.[M] As for us, we ' ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and un stable internet connection make work more challe nging. Now, i nstead of swimmi ng upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or liste n to music. And whe n we get off the pla ne, in stead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to retur n to the performa nee zone.36. It has bee n found that in adequate recovery ofte n leads to poor health and accide nts.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also in creases one ' s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place eve n if one seems to have stopped worki ng.41. It is advised that tech no logy be used to preve nt people from overwork ing.42. Con trary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilienee.44. People ' s distorted view about resilienee may have developed from their upbri nging.45. People tend to thi nk the more determ ined they are, the greater their success will be.Section CDirectio ns: There are 2 passages in this sect ion .Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke Un iversity.The study in cluded 386 kin dergarte ners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began track ing how childre n developed across their lives.With this study, researchers exam ined early academic atte nti on and socio-emoti onal skills and how each con tributed to academic success into young adulthood.They found that early atte nti on skills were the most con siste nt predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performa nee.By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and read ing achieveme nt scores tha n their peers. As fifth-graders, childre n with early atte nti on problems obta ined average read ing scores at least 3% lower tha n their con temporaries ' and grades at least 8%lower tha n those of their peers. This was after con troll ing for IQ, socio-ec ono micstatus and academic skills at school en try.Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of earlyatte nti on problems con ti nued throughout the childre n careers. Lower read ing achieveme nt scores and grades in fifth gradecon tributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby con tributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.“The children we identified as having attention difficulties were notdiag no sed with atte nti on deficit hyperactivity disorder( 注意力缺乏多动 症)(ADHD), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that eve n more modest atte ntio n difficulties can in crease the risk of n egativeacademic outcomes, ” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke ' s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and in terve nti ons to improve academic performa nee in children with attention difficulties.Social accepta nee by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade, Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social accepta nce had higher grades.“ This study shows the importa nce of so-called‘ non-cog nitive ' soft skills in contributing to children ' s positive peer relationships, which, in tur n, con tribute to their academic successs, ” said Kenn eth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.The results highlight the n eed to develop effective earlyin terve nti ons to help those with atte nti on problems stay on tracks academic oracademically and for educators to en courage positive peer relati on ships,the researchers said.“ We ' re learning that student success requires a morecomprehe nsive approach, one that in corporates not only academic skillsbut also social, self-regulatory and atte nti on skills, ” Dodge said. “If we neglect any of these areas, the child ' s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child ' s success may rein force itself with positive feedback loops. ”46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke Uni versity?A) The contributor to children ' s early attention.B) The predictors of children ' s academic success.C) The factors that affect children ' s emotional well-being.D) The determ inants of childre n ' s developme nt of social skills.47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?A) By attach ing equal importa nee to all possible variables exam in ed.B) By collect ing as many typical samples as were n ecessary.C) By preve nti ng them from being affected by factors not un der study.D) By focus ing on the family backgro und of childre n being studied.48. What do we lear n from the findings of the Duke study?A) Modest stude nts are gen erally more atte ntive tha n theircon temporaries.B) There are more childre n with atte nti on difficulties tha n previously thought.C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.D) Children ' s academic performanee may suffer from even slight in atte nti on.49. What does the Duke study find about childre n better accepted by peers?A) They do better academically.B) They are easy to get on with.C) They are teachers ' favorites.D) They care less about grades.50. What can we con elude from the Duke study?A) Children ' s success is related to their learning environment.B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.C) Social skills are playing a key role in children ' s development.D) An all-r ound approach should be adopted in school educatio n.Passage TwoQuesti ons 51 to 55 are based on the follow ing passage.On Jan. 9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple ' s “revolutionary mobile phone ”一 a device that combined thefun ctio nality of an iPod, pho ne and Internet com muni cati on in to a si ngle un it, n avigated by touch.It was a huge milest one in the developme nt of smartph on es, whichare now owned by a majority of America n adults and are in creas in gly com mon across the globe.As smartpho nes have multiplied, so have questio ns about theirimpact on how we live and how we work. Ofte n the adva ntages of convenient, mobile tech no logy are both obvious and take n for gran ted,leav ing more subtle topics for concerned discussi on: Are smartph ones disturb ing childre n ' s sleep? Is an in ability to get away from work hav inga n egative impact on health? And what are the implicati ons for privacy?But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let ' s take amome nt to con sider a less obvious adva ntage: the pote ntial for smartph one techno logy to revolutio nize behavioral scie nee. That ' s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continu ous con tact with tech no logy that can record key features of an in dividual ' s behavior and en vir onment.Researchers have already begu n to use smartph ones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal live or to record activity using the device ' s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what ' s been found using more traditi onal approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to iden tify how differe nt experie nces, behaviors and en vir onments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people s productivity and wellbe ing in a variety of doma ins. Bey ond reveali ngpopulatio n-wide patter ns, the right comb in ati on of data and an alysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, in clud ing con diti ons that could in dicate the n eed for some form of in terve nti on —such as an unu sual in crease in behaviors that sig nal a period of depressi on.Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in theevolution of psychological scienee. Today, the field is in transition, movi ng away from a focus on laboratory studies with un dergraduate participa nts towards more complex, real-world situati ons studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartph ones offer new tools for achiev ing these ambiti ons, providi ng rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of con texts.So here ' s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offeri ng in sights into huma n psychology and behavior and, thus, support ing smarter social scie nee.51. What does the author say about the n egative impact of smartph on es?A) lt has bee n overshadowed by the positive impact.B) It has more ofte n tha n not bee n take n for gran ted.C) lt is not so obvious but has caused some concern.D) lt is subtle but should by no means be overstated.52. What is con sidered a less obvious adva ntage of smartpho ne tech no logy?A) It systematically records real huma n in teractio ns.B) It helps people ben efit from tech no logical adva nces.C) It brings people into closer con tact with each other.D) It greatly improves research on huma n behavior.53. What characterizes traditi onal psychological research?A) It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.B) It relies on lab observati ons and participa nts reports.C) It makes use of the questi onn aire method.D) It is ofte n expe nsive and time-c onsuming.54. How will future psychological studies ben efit in dividuals?A) By help ing them pin dow n their unu sual behaviors.B) By helpi ng them main tai n a positive state of mind.C) By help ing them live their lives in a unique way.D) By help ing them cope with abno rmal situati ons.55. What do we lear n about curre nt psychological studies?A) They are going through a period of painful tran siti on.B) They are in creas in gly focused on real-life situati ons.C) They are con ducted in a more rigorous manner.D) They are mai nly targeted towards un dergraduates.。