⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2018 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码： 00522全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

Ⅰ. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choosethe one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write theletter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(40 points, 1 point for each)1.Traditional British farming involved（）, which dated back to the 5th century.A. the open field systemB. the system of crop rotationC. the use of artificial fertilizerD. the use of new agricultural machinery2.In Britain, the First Civil War was fought between the Roundheads who were the parliamentary soldiers led by （） , and the Cavaliers who were King Charles ’ s supporters.A. John LilburneB. Oliver CromwellC. Prince RupertD. William Joyce3.（） radically changed the face of London for the first time since the Great Fire nearly three centuries earlier.A. The Black DeathB. The Civil WarC. The First World WarD. The Blitz4.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its nameform “（）” .A. The Bill of RightsB. The Agreement of the PeopleC. the People ’ s CharterD. the Great Charter5.Today, the Domesday Book is kept in the Public Records Office in （） .A. CambridgeB. OxfordC. LondonD. York6.In Britain, thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First WorldWar, votes were granted to women over （） in 1918.A. 20B.25C. 30D. 357.By （） Britain had built up a big empire, “ on which the sun never set” .A. 1900B. 1910C. 1920D. 193018.In Britain, the Tories were the forerunners of （）, which still bears the nickname today.A. the Labor PartyB. the Conservative PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Social Democratic Party9.The eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ—— Prince Charles, Prince of（）, is the heir to the throne.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland10.In Britain, a full meeting of （）is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry.A. the Privy CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CommonsD. the Parliament11.In Britain, the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of （）.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the Attorney General12.In Britain, the Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in （） .A. the Privy CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the Supreme CourtD. the House of Commons13.The British government departments are staffed by members of （） , whose duty is to assist in carrying out laws passed by Parliament.A. the Civil ServiceB. the Privy CouncilC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons14.In the 1970s, oil was discovered in（） , but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.A. the English ChannelB. the Irish SeaC. the St. George SeaD. the North Sea15.Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through （） .A. the income taxB. the council taxC. the capital receiptsD. personal contribution16.The modern games of tennis originated in （）in the late 19 th century.A. ScotlandB. IrelandC. EnglandD. Wales17.America was named after （） .A. Italian navigator ColumbusB. navigator Amerigo VespucciC. some Indian chieftainD. George Washington, founding father of the United States18.Between 1860 and 1990, the United States witnessed（） large-scale population movements.A. 2B. 32C. 4D. 519.At the beginning of the Berlin Blockade, President Truman turned down the option of （）.A. sending supplies through the highways, protected by tanks and troopsB. sending supplies through the waterwaysC. starting large-scale airliftingD. staring limited airlifting to test the Soviets20.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of（）.A. coalB. electricityC. oilD. wheat21.During the War of Independence, America allied with（）.A. SpainB. FranceC. HollandD. Germany22.The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by （） .A. all of the 13 statesB. all of the states except MarylandC. all of the states except Rhode IslandD. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention23.President Theodore Roosevelt made use of the Hepburn Act to （） .A. regulate federal-funded electricity projectB. maintain forest reservesC. regulate railway priceD. ban corporation merger24.In the United States, Henry Ford became famous （） .A. because of his wealthB. because he set up the Standard Oil CorporationC. because he was the first to invent carsD. because of his Model T automobile25.The attitude of many Americans toward different political views after WW Ⅱ can be described as（）.A. following the main trend of viewB. intolerantC. indifferentD. tolerant26.In the U.S., the Red Scare refers to （） .A. a senseless hysteria about the danger of communismB. a fear of Soviet subversionC. a senseless hate of anything foreignD. an intolerance of any idea different from the mainstream idea27.Urbanization was realized in the U.S. （） .A. in 1900B. in 19103C. after WW ID. after WW Ⅱ28.In the United States, the “ winner-take-all ” system applies to（） .A. all the statesB. a majority of the statesC. all states except MaineD. only Maine29.In “ Old Man and Sea” , Hemingway praises the old man ’ s attitude（ towards） .A. defeat and failureB. the seaC. his workD. nature30.In order to remember George Washington （） .A. a memorial hall was built in his birthplaceB. a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.C. a tall white Washington Monument was built in the capitalD. an expensive car was named after him31.The final breakaway of American foreign policy from isolationism was （） .A. the bombing of Pearl HarborB. the fall of FranceC. German attack of the Soviet UnionD. the battle of Britain32.In the U.S., the fastest growing minority group is （） .A. the African-AmericanB. the Hispanic-AmericanC. the Native IndiansD. the Asian-American33.The name “ Canada” is believed to be derived from an Indian word “ Kanata” , meaning （）.A. a settlementB. a countryC. a meeting placeD. a colony34.Quebec differs from the provinces of Canada because （） .A. it has the largest populationB. it was the first European settlementC. it has a strong French cultureD. it is more highly developed than other parts of Canada35.Australia ’ s most common native plants（ are ） .A. palms and rosesB. willows and sunflowersC. pines and orchidsD. eucalypts and wattles36.The first white settlement in Australia was set up on January 26, （）.A. 1778B. 1788C. 1878D. 188837.Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of （） .A. its shapeB. its connection with BritainC. its abundant natural resourcesD. its green countryside38.The central part of Ireland is characterized by many lakes, low ridges and （） .4A. peat bogsB. rapid streamsC. small islandsD. high cliffs39.New Zealand consists of two main islands: （）.A. North Island and South islandB. Steward Island and Long IslandC. West Island and East IslandD. Victorian island and Tasman Island40.New Zealand’ s climate is generally（）and seasonal differences are not so great.A. dry and coldB. mild and moistC. hot and wetD. windy and coldPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)41.How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?42.What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?43.What was the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?44.Which sport is regarded as typically English?45.What are the principal functions of American higher education?46.What is meant by Operation Overlord?47.Why Americans are always on the move?48.How will you characterize American foreign policy in the early 1930s?49.What are the main characteristics of Canadian climate?50.Geographically, Australia can be divided into three major regions. What are they?Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)51.Stonehenge52.The Metropolitan Police Force53.Foreclosure54.ChicanoⅣ.Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)55.What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?56.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?5。