2019考研数学三真题答案解析(完整版)1.3tan 3x x x --若要x - tan x 与x b 同阶无穷小,\ k = 3\选C2.54()5()5501f x x x k f x x x '=-+=-==±(1,1)()0,(),(,1)(1,),()0x f x f x x f x ''∈-<↓∈-∞-⋃+∞>,()f x ↑极大值(1)154f k k -=-++=+极小值(1)154f k k =-+=-lim ();lim ()x x f x f x →-∞→+∞=-∞=+∞若要550x x k -+=有3个不同的实根∴(1)0(1)04040f f k k -><+>-<即∴44(4,4)k -<<-即选D 。
3.解:∵通解为12()e e xxy C C x -=++∴e ,e 0x x x y ay by --'''++=为的两个解.即1λ=-为重根.22010402,1,a b a b a b a b λλ++=⇒-+=∆=-=⇒==∴e x 为e x y ay by c '''++=的特解:2exy y y c '''++=将e x y =代入e 2e e e 4x x x x c c ++=⇒=∴2,1,4a b c ===∴选D.4.1n n nu ¥=å 绝对收敛,1nn v n ¥=å 条件收敛n n u nu £ 1n n u ¥=\å绝对收敛.nv n有界.不妨设n v M n <n n nu v M u \£1n n M u ¥=å 收敛1n n n u v ¥=\å绝对收敛.故选B5.0Ax = 的基础解系中只有2个向量()24()n r A r A \-==-()0r A *\=\选A6.选(C )解:由22A A E +=得22λλ=+,λ为A 的特征值,2λ=-或1,又1234A =λλλ=,故1232,1,λλλ==-=规范形为222123y y y --,选(C )7.选(C )解:法一:()()()P AB P A P AB =-()()()P B A P B P AB =-()()()()P A P B P AB P B A =\=选(C )法二排除法(A )A B ==W 时排除(A )(B )若A 、B 互斥,且0()1,0()1,P A P x <<<<排除(B )(D )若A B ==W ,则()()1,()()0P AB P P AB P =W ==F =,排除(D)8.解:因为22(,)(,)X N u Y N u s s X 与Y 相互独立2(0,2)X Y N s \-{}11121222X Y P X Y Pss s -÷ç\-<=<=F -÷ç÷ç\与u 无关,即与2a 有关选择(A )9.11lim 12(1)nx n n +¥÷ç÷++ç÷ç÷×+11lim eenn x -++¥==10.3sin 2cos 22y x x x x p p ÷ç=+-<<÷ç÷çsin cos 2sin cos sin y x x x x x x x¢=+-=-令()cos sin cos sin 0y x x x x x x x =--=-=得0,x x p==0x <时,()0y x <0x >时,()0y x <不为拐点.0x p <<时,()0y x <32x pp >>时,()0y x >拐点为(),2p -11.解析:()()()1201201130113130104034120()d d 1d 31|311)341211(1)|1)1231818x f x xx t xt xx t x xx x ===-=-⋅+=-⋅+=-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰12.解析:2222(2)5002(2)5002A AA A AAA B A A B B A A B A A B B P Q Q P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P h ¶=-×¶=-×----++=-+故10,20A B P P ==时,10404000.45001002008001000h ´===--+13.解析:2221010()111101110101010010101010110011A b a a a a a a -⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭--⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪→→ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪---⎝⎭⎝⎭当a =1时()()23r A r A b ==< ,Ax =b 有无穷多解.14.X 的概率密度为,02()20,else xx f x ⎧<<⎪=⎨⎪⎩3222210022221184d d |2223630()024121{()1}{()}{2}2}32d 2243xx EX x x x x x x F x x x P F X EX P F X P X P X x P X x x =⋅====<⎧⎪⎪=≤<⎨⎪≥⎪⎩≥-=≥=≥=<⎫=<<=⎬⎭==⎰⎰15.解:当0x >时22ln 2ln ()e ()e (2ln 2)x x x x x f x x f x x ¢===+当0x <时()e e x xf x x ¢=+当0x =时0000()(0)e 11lim ()lim lim lim e 10x xx x x x f x f x f x x x-----+-====-2000()(0)11lim ()lim lim 0x x x x f x f x f x x x----+-==-不存在\有()f x 在0x =点不可导.于是2ln e (2ln 2)0(),0e +e ,0x x x x x xf x x x x ,不存在ìï+>ïïï¢==íïïï<ïî令()0f x ¢=得121,1,ex x ==-于是有下列表x (,1)-¥--1(-1,0)010,e ÷ç÷ç÷ç1e1,e÷ç+¥÷ç÷ç()f x ¢-0+不存在-0+()f x ¯极小值极大值¯极小值于是有()f x 的极小值为2e 11(1)1,e e ef f -÷ç-=-=÷ç÷ç,极大值为(0)1f =16.解析:(,)(,)g x y xy f x y x y =-+-''2""""2''2""""22""""(,)(,)1u v uu uv vu vvu v uu vv vu vv uu uv vu vvgy f x y x y f x y x y x g f f f f x gx f f yg f f f f yx g f f f f x y∂=-+--+-∂∂=----∂∂=-+∂∂=-++-∂=-+-+∂∂所以:22""""212uu uu vv uu g g xg f f f f x x y y ∂∂∂++=---+-∂∂∂∂""13uu vvf f =--17.解析:(1)22x y xy ¢-=)2222222d d 22222ee d e e d e ex x x xx xx x x x y x C x C x C C通解--÷ç÷ç=×+÷ç÷÷ç÷ç÷ç=×+÷ç÷÷ç÷ç=+÷ç÷ç=òòò由(f C =+0C =所以22(e x f x (2)()22222221221222411e d e d e d e =e -e 222x x x x x V x x x x p p p p p ÷÷=÷÷÷=×==òòò18.[)2,2x k k p p p Î+时()(21)12(21)2(21)(21)22(21)2(21)(21)22(21)21(21)2e sin d sin de sin e e cos d e cos d =e cos d cos e +e (sin )d e e1e e 2k x k k xk k k x x x k k k x k k k x x k k k k k k S x x x x x x x xx xx x xS x p pp pp p ppp pp p ppppp p +-+-++---+-++---+--+-==-=-×+=-=+-=+òòòòò[)22,22x k k p p p Î++(22)22(22)(22)22(21)21)(22)2(21)2(22)(21)2(22)e sin d sin e -e cos d =-ecos d cos e -e (sin )d e e 1e e 2k x k k k x x k k k k k xx x k k k k k k S x xx x xx x x x xS p p pp p pp pp p pp ppp pp p p +-+++--++++---+++-+-+-+==-=+-=-+--=+òò((21)k p -+ùúû面积为(())()12(21)2(22)02202212e e e 21=12e e e 211e 112e e 21e 2e 1k k k k k k k SS p p p p pp p p p p p ¥=¥-+--+=¥---=----ù=++úû+++=++=--ååå19.设1(0,1,2,)n a x n ==⎰…(1)证明:数列{}n a 单调减少,且21(2,3,);2n n n a a n n --==+ (2)求1lim.nn n a a →∞-解析(1)111110(1)0.n n n n a a xxx x ----=-=-<⎰⎰⎰则{}n a 单调递减.1/2/222201sin sin cos sin (1sin ),2n n n n n n a x dxx t t tdt t t dt I I I n ππ+=-⋅=⋅-=-=+⎰⎰⎰则2222111,.(2)(2)n n n n n n n a I a a I n n n n ------===++则(2)由(1)知,{}n a 单调递减,则211111, 1.222n n n n n a n n n a a a n n n a ------=><<+++即由夹逼准则知,1lim1.nn n a a →∞-=20.解:123123(,,,,,)αααβββ2222111101102123443313111101011022001111a a a a r a a a a ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪++-+⎝⎭⎛⎫⎪- ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭①若a =1,则123123123123(,,)(,,)(,,,,,)r r r αααβββαααβββ==此时向量组(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)等价,令123(,,)A ααα=则31023()01120000A β⎛⎫⎪→-- ⎪⎪⎝⎭此时3123(32)(2)k k k βααα=-+-++②若a =-1,则()2(,)3r A r A B =≠=,向量组(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)不等价.③若1,1a ≠-,31001()01010011A β⎛⎫⎪→- ⎪⎪⎝⎭3123βααα=-+21.2212102201000200A x B y --⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦与相似(1)1231~413()()242210(2)010(1)(2)(2)00021,2,21211211201242000001210001001000022A Bx yx tr A tr B y x y E B x x A E A E λλλλλλλλλξλ∴-=+=⎧∴=⇒⇒⎨=-+=-⎩---=+=++-=-=-=-=---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=-→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦=-+=T 时, =(-,,)时,()2311321410440125201050211240000000004212122102221200100112004000000211,122040A E P ξλξξξξ-⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-→-→-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦TT =(-,,)时, =(-,,0), 111122P AP --⎡⎤⎢⎥=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦1223310310100000113000100041010022010010001000000010010322030001100004000B E x B E x B E x λλλ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦TT时, (-,,)时, (,,)时, (,,121232212212121211221()22122()1211030122001040130111212004101100()3000006100011011000P x x x P BP B P P B P P A PP P PP P iE -----⎡⎤⎢⎥==-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-⎡⎤⎢⎥=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦=-=---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦--→T) 故=03310010001101100010001100100311000030100011001103⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥--⎢⎥→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦22.(1)随机变量X 的分布函数为⎩⎨⎧<≥-=-0,00,1)(x x e x F x X {}{}{}{}())(1)()1(1,1,)(z F p z F p Y z X P Y z X P z XY P z Z P z F XXZ --+-=-=-≥+=≤=≤=≤=当0<z 时,()zX Z pe z F p z F =--=)(1)(当0≥z 时,()pe p z F p z F p z F z X X Z +--=--+-=-)1)(1()(1)()1()(则⎩⎨⎧≤>-=-0,0,)1()(z pe z e p z f z zZ (2)p EY EX XY E EZ EX 21)(,1-=⋅===()())21(221)()()()()(222p p EX DX Y E X E Y X E XZ E -=-+===当())()(2Z E XE XZ E =时,Z X ,不相关.即)21(221p p -=-,可得21=p .(3)因为{}{}01,1,11,1=≥-=≤=-≤≤X Y X P Z X P 又{}111--=≤e X P ,{}11-=-≤peZ P 则{}{}{}111,1-≤⋅≤≠-≤≤Z P X P Z X P ,故不独立.23.(1)由1222222222)(2)(==-=⎰⎰∞+----∞+πσμσμσμσμμA x deA dx eAx x 可得:π2=A .(2)设n x x x ,,,21 为样本值,似然函数为()()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>∑⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛==--elsex x x e L n x nn ni i ,0,,,,2121212122μπσσμσ当μ>n x x x ,,,21 时,()()()()2122221ln 2ln 2ln 2ln ∑----==n i i x n n L μσσπσ令()()()0)(2112ln 1222222=∑-+-==n i i x n d L d μσσσσ,可得()nx ni ∑=-=1212μσ故2σ的最大似然估计量为()nXni ∑=-=1212μσ .。