再如1998年的专四作文考题“One Way to Solve the Problem”(解决问题的一个方法) 的首段可以先介绍机动车是城市污染的主要 来源，接下来亮出自己的观点 发展公共交 通： Vehicles are a major sourceIn my opinion，the solution to this pollution problem is developing the modern public transportation．
三段式的作文写作手法综述


作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种： 1)开门见山，点明主题 在“Widening Gap Between the Rich and the Poor”(日益拉大的贫富差距)的范文的 开头一句是： These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and the poor．

4)背景法 即对一个现象进行分析时，先把这个现象事 件的原因、结果、发展等背景信息介绍一下， 然后再给出自己的看法。这种写法适合“给 定观点型”和“自由发挥型”。


例如，2003年的专四作文考题“The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood”(保持良 好心态的重要性)可以采用如下一段作为开头， 先介绍背景，然后提出观点： The modern society is characterized by rapid pace，and people in such a society have to cope with a lot of pressures from either outer world or inner will．The most difficult，but necessary thing for them is to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances．

在“Where Would You Go after Graduation?”(大学毕业后到何处发展?)的 范文的开头一段采用了正反表态法： After graduation，some students choose to go to super cities for career development．Meanwhile，some students prefer to return to their hometowns．As for me，I would like to go back to my home city．



导致利弊 Advantage / disadvantage; merit / drawback; blessing / curse; benefit / harm; outweigh lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about, give rise to … owing to, due to, thanks to, result from, in that, attribute to …


再如，在 “How to Deal with the Problem of Unemployment”(怎样处理失业的问题)的范 文的开头一段： In recent years，China has experienced an alarming increase in unemployment rate．Unemployment is more than an economic problem．If it were not handled properly，it would result in serious social problems．Effective measures must be taken to solve the unemployment problem．


再如，在“Degree and University Study”(学位与 大学学习)的范文的开头一段采用了先抑后扬的手法， 首先肯定学位的重要性，然后提出了“学位并不是 大学学习的一切”这样的观点： In our society，the most commonly recognized standard of a student’s academic achievement is the degree．Consequently some people regard the degree as the only thing valuable while studying in college．Admittedly，the degree is essential for students who want a prosperous future，but it is by no means the only purpose at university．





1）“一些人认为”——Some 无数的numerous / myriad (a number / myriad of) 大量的A considerable / significant / noticeable amount / quantity / portion of 对半的almost / nearly / approximately half of 大多的the (vast / overwhelming) majority of
2．作文主体部分的写作

(1)论证手法 当段落的主题为一理论性论点时，就需要举 例或例证来加以支持，以说服读者。举例和 例证使抽象的概念具体化，而所举的事例也 应该具有充分的说服力，同时逻辑严密。


例如，2001年的专四作文考题“Travel Broadens the Mind”(旅游开阔视野)的主体段可以通过“自己到西安 旅游”的例子进行论证，如下： Consider my own experience as an example．Two years ago，I visited Xi’an，an ancient city．Xi’an is a city of rich cultural inheritance．There are so many places of interests there，such as the old city walls，the tomb of the Emperor Qin and so on．It seems that everything there tell the stories and history of the ancient China．In this way, I have gained knowledge of history and culture， which is more vivid and impressive than what is learned in class．
2)正反表态法 例如，1999年的专四作义考题“A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television”(电视广告的一个主要优点／缺点) 可以采用正反表态的方法开篇： Nowadays more and more advertisements are seen on TV every day．Some people think that advertising on TV can bring us a lot of benefits， but others hold the different opinions．In my opinion．I am in favor of the former．




句式 Many people consider it appropriate that more emphasis should be put on the development of students’ capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, while others think that more benefits would be gained from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions. Those who … argue that… while others who… claim that…

5)提问式 要讨论什么就先把话题以问句形式提出，然 后通过回答问题表达自己的观点。或者，对 自己的观点做个理由概述／先写出反方观点， 对其进行反驳，顺势提出自己的观点。比较 适用于“对比选择型”题目。


例如，在“Factors Influencing Young Adults”(影响青年人成长的因素)的范文的 开头一段： Of the various factors that can have influence on young adults，the family and friends stand out most．Which of the two is more important? My view is that it is friends who have more important influence on young adults．

3)让步法 也称为先抑后扬法，先把反方观点引出来， 做一个肯定的评价，然后笔锋一转，回到自 己的观点上来。比较适用于“对比选择型” 题目。


例如，2004年的专四作文考题“Will Phones Kill Letter Writing'?”(电话是否会使书信消失?) 的开头可以采用让步法： Nowadays，young people choose to phone each other rather than write letters．Some are worried that letter writing will be useless in the future．Even so, I still maintain that letter writing will never be killed by phones，despite the fact that we have already stepped into the information age．