English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral/ ˈnjuːmərəl /数词adjective 形容词verb动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词2. Word building 构词法conversion 转化derivation/ ˌderɪˈveɪʃn /派生affixation|æfɪkˈseɪʃən|词缀法prefix/ ˈpriːfɪks /前缀suffix / ˈsʌfɪks /后缀compound words 合成词3．Classification of nouns名词的分类common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词individual nouns个体名词collective nouns集合名词material nouns物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式the common case 普通格the possessive[pəˈzesɪv] case 所有格the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数4.Classification of pronouns代词的分类personal pronouns人称代词possessive pronouns物主代词reflexive[rɪˈfleksɪv] pronoun反身代词demonstrative[dɪˈmɑ:nstrətɪv] pronouns指示代词interrogative [ˌɪntəˈrɑ:gətɪv] pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns连接代词relative pronouns关系代词reciprocal[rɪˈsɪprəkl] pronouns 相互代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal[ˈkɑ:rdɪnl] numerals 基数词ordinal [ˈɔ:rdənl] numerals 序数词fractional [ˈfrækʃənəl] numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级the superlative [su:ˈpɜ:rlətɪv degree最高级The definite article 定冠词the indefinite article 不定冠词6．Classification of verbs动词的分类national verbs实义动词link-verbs系动词auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs情态动词transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs不及物动词regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs不规则动词the present forms现在式the past forms过去式the participle分词the present participle现在分词the past participle过去分词the infinitive 不定式the gerund [ˈdʒerənd]动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense 一般现在时the past tense 一般过去时the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时the future continuous将来进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时the future perfect将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the active voice主动语态the indicative[ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] mood陈述语气the imperative[ɪmˈperətɪv] mood 祈使语气the subjunctive mood虚拟语气9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs关系副词interrogative adverbs疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10．Members of the sentence句子成分the subject主语the predicate['predɪkət]谓语the predicative[prɪˈdɪkətɪv]表语the object 宾语the attribute定语the adverbial状语the appositive同位语independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis [pəˈrenθəsɪs]插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语subject complement 主语补足语object complement 宾语补足语11．Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences [dɪˈklærətɪv]陈述句imperative sentences祈使句exclamatory[ɪkˈsklæmətɔ:ri] sentences感叹句interrogative sentences疑问句general questions一般疑问句special questions特殊疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句tag questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句compound sentences 复合句complex sentences 并列句elliptical[ɪˈlɪptɪkl] sentences 省略句preposition phrases 介词短语phrase 短语infinitive phrases 不定式短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses / klɔːz /从句main clauses主句subordinate [səˈbɔ:dɪnət] clause从句subject clauses 主语从句theantecedent [ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt]先行词object clauses宾语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses 谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/place/cause/condition/degree/result/concession/purpose/comparison/manner 时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句sentences of real condition真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion完全倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis[ɪˈlɪpsɪs]省略transformation of sentences 句型转换analysis[əˈnæləsɪs] of sentences 句子分析13. Punctuation 标点符号period/full stop句号comma[ˈkɑ:mə]逗号semicolon[ˌsemiˈkəʊlən]分号colon[ˈkəʊlən]冒号dash[dæʃ]破折号hyphen[ˈhaɪfn]连字号brackets [brækəts]括号question mark 问号quotation [kwoʊˈteɪʃn] marks引号apostrophe [əˈpɑ:strəfi]省略号14．The pronunciation of English英语发音international phonetic国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels单元音diphthongs [ˈdɪfθɔ:ŋ]双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants [ˈkɒnsənənt]辅音nasal[ˈneɪzl]鼻音plosive[ˈpləʊsɪv]爆破音fricative[ˈfrɪkətɪv]磨擦音affricate[ˈæfrɪkət]破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress主重读音节secondary stress次重读音节unstressed非重读音节rhythm[ˈrɪðəm]节奏intonation语调a level pitch 平调rising tune升调falling tune 降调。