Chapter One Travel一．课文重点词语与短语plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sthshop 购物 shop for sth = buy sthWhy not do sth? =Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做…used to do sth 过去常常做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事the same as…和…一样be famous for sth = be well-know for sth 以…闻名be famous as 作为…而著名help sb （to ）do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事one of + 可数名词复数…之一，其中之一二．语法：冠词a,an,与the 的用法★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有：1．泛指表示"某一个"，用于可数名词单数前。
如： We need a rent to live in. 2．与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。
如：1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。
)2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.3．在某些词组中，代替介词per，作“每一”讲。
如： twice a day, 5 dollarsa kiloI play computer games once a week.注意: a /an 的区别a 用在辅音开头的单词前：a cat, a useful bookan 用在元音发音的单词前：an English book, an interesting story, an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man…★定冠词the的用法主要有：1. 表示特指某人或某物。
如：The notebook on the desk is mine.Beijing is the capital of China.2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。
如：There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。
如：the earth, the sun…4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。
如：Let's go for a picnic, shall we?5. 用在作定语的序数词前。
如：She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。
如：the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf…7. 用在乐器名称前。
如：play the violin(guitar, piano…)8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。
如：The Whites are on their holiday in Canada.9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。
如：the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge10．在最高级、序数词及next，last，same等词前常用定冠词。
如： The last one is the most important one.★不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有：1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。
如：Water and air are important to us.Wisdom is better than strength.2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some,any等代词的情况下。
如：I want this car, not that car.There is some water in the cup.3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。
如：There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.School begins on September 1.March 8th is Women's Day.特例：1)中国的传统节日要加the。
如：the Spring Festival4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。
如：I have breakfast at six in the morning.They play football every day.He prefers science to physics.特例：当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。
如：They had a good dinner yesterday.5. 在学科前不加冠词。
如：I am good at maths and history.6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前；国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。
如：Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen Square；China，Shenzhen，Tom7．表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用冠词。
如：I usually go to my office by bus.配套练习1. There will be ______ interesting TV program tomorrow evening.A. aB. anC. theD. some2. I have never seen _____ UFO in ______ sky.A. a , theB. an , theC. a, aD. the, a3. --- Have you seen _________ umbrella here?--- You mean _______ black one? It was here just now.A. an; theB. the; aC. an; aD. the; the4 . _______ Biology is ______ science of ________life.A. /; the; /B. /; the; theC. The; /; /D. The; /; the5. The boy wrote _____ “l” and ____“u” on the blackboard.A. a; anB. an; anC. a; aD. an; a6. Now he is ______ artist . I have known him since he was _____ one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a7._____Christmas Day of the western countries falls before ______Spring Festival of China.A. /; theB. the ; /C. /;/D. The ; the8. Today is my ________happiest day because I won _____ first prize in the match.A. the ; theB. /; theC. the ; /D. /;/9.. _____Changjiang River is ____ longest river in China.A. The ; theB. The ; /C. / ; theD. / ;/Chapter 2 Protecting our environment一．课文重点词语与短语be interested in sth 对……感兴趣of course 当然begin to do sth 开始做某事each other 相互pass sth to sb =pass sb sth 传递某物给某人communicate with sb 和某人交流taste 尝起来…后跟形容词作表语be in danger 处境危险collect stamps 搜集邮票enjoy doing…喜欢做…enjoy oneself 玩得开心thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事make sb/sth + 动词原形使……做……in order of 以……的顺序类似inrerested 与interesting的形容词：excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring…通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到……; 以-ing 结尾的形容词汗主动意义，表示使人，令人…….二.语法：现在进行时态结构be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句动词ing现在分词的变化规则：1）动词+ing：do-doing teach-teaching ；2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing：put-putting；3）以字母e 结尾的，去掉e再+ing：make-making take-taking。
4）单词以辅音字母加－ie结尾，去-ie变y,再加-ing. 如die(死亡)----dying; tie—tying注意：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如：believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），hear，know，understand，belong（属于），think （认为），look（看起来），show，mind，have，sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），care，like，hate，love，例如：Danny: The doorbell is ringing.May: I know. I hear it.某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……：I’m coming.我这就来。
I’m going/leaving.我这就走。
同步练习()1. —Listen! Who ______ in the room?—Let’s go and see.A. is cryingB. cryingC. cryD. cries( ) 2 . we can get some useful things ____ trees.A .toB .for C. with D. from( ) 3 .You must thank the girls _____ their help.A. forB. toC. onD. about( ) 4. We plant ______ trees in our school every year.A . a lot B. a lot of C. a lots of D much( ) 5.Jim and his teacher _______ over there.A. is talkB. are talkC. is talkingD. are talking( ) 6 “ Don’t always make Tim ____ this or that. He is a big boy now.” Mrs Bush said.A. doingB. doC. doesD. to do( )7 —What is the boy doing?—He’s _______ a book. A. seeing B. reading C. looking at D. watching ( ) 8 Mr. Smith_____ to visit Beijing in two days.A. comeB. cameC. comesD. is coming( ) 9. I think English is _______ than Math.A. interestingerB. more interestingC. most interestingD. more interestinger ( ) 10 We _____ a picnic next week.A. will haveB. haveC. havingD. had( ) 11. There _____ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.A. hasB. is going to beC. will have D has been( )12. It’s a big house _____ a garden in front of it.A. inB. haveC. forD. with()13．Will you pass that book ______ me?A. toB. forC. fromD. at()14．Rose never communicates ______ others.A. toB. forC. withD. at( )15. Do you know what these books are useful _________?A. toB. forC. withD. at( )16. Trees are our best fighters ________ pollution.A. forB. withC. onD. againstChpater 3一．课文重点词语与短语look up 查阅human beings 人类an amusement park 游乐园buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物all year round 全年some… others…一些……另一些……as…as…像一样die out 灭绝learn about sth from…从……了解某事be born 出生after leaving school 毕业后deliver mail 送邮件at the same time 同时be based on 以……为基础more than 数量多于二.语法1 指示代词this，that，these，those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。