动词后+ -ed的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed,如: work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如: study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stop ---stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go –went make –made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew不规则动词的过去式的构成1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如: drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如: get—got,forget—forgot 5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如: feed—fed,meet—met6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如: keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如: break—broke,speak—spoke8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如: sell—sold,tell—told 9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:stand—stood,understand—understood10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。
如:bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如: can—could,shall—should,will—would12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
如: come—came,become—became 13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant 〔ment〕14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如: let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took过去式“-ed”的发音规则(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要)(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助)laugh →laughed (笑)look →looked (看)kiss →kissed (吻)wash →washed (洗)watch →watched (注视)(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。
call →called (叫)stay→stayed (停留)cry→cried (哭)动词过去式变化规则一、规则变化1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed, 如:work—worked play—played want—wanted ask—asked2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d, 如:live—lived move—moved taste—tasted3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i, 加—ed, 如:study—studies try—tried copy—copied carry—carried4、重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed, 如:stop—stopped二、不规则变化is am—was are—were do—did have has—had go—went meet—met come—came take—took steal—stole eat—ate fly—fliew run—ran see—saw say—said make—made find—found stand—stoodsit—sat sing—sang drink—drank give—gave ring—rang swim—swam write—wrote ride—rode drive—drovedraw—drew grow—grew know—knewget—got forget—forgotsweep—swept keep—kept sleep—sleptspeak—spoke break—broketell—told sell—soldbuy—bought think—thought catch—caught teach—taught build—built can—could shall—should will—would过去式与动词原形一样:let—let must—must put—put read—read三、动词过去式构成读音1、清辅音后读清辅音[t] (清读清)如:jump like2、浊辅音后读浊辅音[d] (浊读浊)如:listen pull3、元音后面读浊辅音[d] (元音后面读浊音)如:water play4、 [t][d]后面读[id] want need动词后加-ing的变化规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing (3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:pay—paying,throw—throwing,follow—following,draw—drawing,employ—employing5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。
若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:动词第三人称单数形式构成规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。
如:①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如:fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]study-studies [z]; worry-worries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如:teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:go-goes [z] do-does [z下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。