练习4：虚拟语气强化练习题Part I. Multiple Choice1. ______ go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.A. Had youB. Were you toC. If you didD. Shall you句意：如果你下午要去市中心，请帮我寄一下这封信。
解析：这是省略了if的条件句，完整的从句为If you were to go downtown this afternoon，从句是针对将来的虚拟语气，用于表示礼貌客气的态度。
2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.A. drove, didn’t getB. were driving, wouldn’t getC. drove, wouldn’t getD. had driven, wouldn’t have got句意：你不让我开车。
如果我们轮流开车，你就不会这么累了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，开车是过去的事情了，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。
3. If it ______ for the snow, we _______ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. hadn’t been, could have climbedD. hadn’t been, could climb句意：如果不是因为那场雪，我们昨天本可以爬山的。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，下雪及爬山说的都是之前的事情，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用could+have done的形式表示虚拟。
注意：此句中涉及一个it的句型。
It is for …一般用于引起原因，If it isn’t for …，意为“要不是因为……”。
此句中用了该句型的虚拟语气形式。
4. The new airport _______ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed句意：如果他们没有停止建设，新机场早就建成了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。
新机场是被建成，这里有一个完成加被动。
5. If he _______ his doA. had taken, might still have beenC. might have taken; had still beenD. took; might still be句意：如果他听了医生的建议，他现在可能还活着。
解析：这是错综时间条件句，从句说的是过去听医生的建议，主句说的是现在的情况。
因此从句中用过去完成时表示对过去事情的假设，主句中用“情态助动词might+动词原形”的形式表示对现在情况的假设。
A. were; would have letC. had been; had letD. were; had let句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就会让你去旅行了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，健康状态及旅行说的都是昨天的事，因此从句中用过去完成时表示假设，主句中用would+have done的形式表示假设。
7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _________ you long before.A. had visitedB. have visitedC. would have visitedD. should visit句意：我弄丢了你的地址，否则我早就去看你了。
解析：otherwise后面的句子是针对已经发生了的事情的假设。
因此用would+have done的形式表示本想做但是没有做。
8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey句意：门口的保安坚持要求每个人都遵守规则。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。
insist在句中意为“坚持要求”，其后的that从句中用动词原形，表示这是主观意愿。
9. The boss insisted that John ________ unfit for his work.A. wasB. isC. should beD. were句意：老板坚持认为John不称职。
解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，是直陈句，从句时态与主句时态应一致，都为一般过去时。
句中的insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”，是坚持自己的看法，而不是坚持要求别人要做什么的意思，因此表达的不是主观意愿，不用虚拟语气。
10. The officer commanded (ordered) the damaged bridge ____ before dawn.A. must be repairedB. would be repairedC. be repairedD. should have been repaired句意：长官命令在天亮前修好损毁的桥梁。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。
Command/order后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
11. He suggested (advised, proposed) that the wounded _______ to the hospital assoon as possible.A. had been sentB. should have been sentC. would be sentD. (should) be sent句意：他建议尽快把伤员送到医院。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。
Suggest/advise/propose后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
12. He came home with a smile on his face, which suggested that he __ work.A. should findB. had lostC. should have foundD. had found句意：他回家时面带微笑，这意味着他找到了工作。
解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，从句的时态与整个句子的时态保持一致。
句子是一般过去时，而找到工作是在回家之前发生的，所以要用过去完成时。
该句中的suggest意为“表明、意味着、暗示”，不表示“建议”，因此不用虚拟语气。
13. Most of the members demanded (requested, required, asked) that the meeting________ till after Friday.A. shouldn’t put offB. not be put offC. wouldn’t be put offD. not put off 句意：大部分成员要求会议不要推迟到周五以后。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。
Demand等词后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
这里相当于是should not be put off，省略了should。
14. I wish I ________ how to translate this sentence.A. knewB. knowC. have knownD. should know句意：我希望我知道如何翻译这个句子。
解析：这是表达非现实的愿望。
Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对现在的时间而言，那么动词用过去时表示非现实的愿望。
15. –Has Fangfang been to New York? –No, but she wishes she _____.A. wouldB. will next timeC. hadD. had next time句意：芳芳去过纽约吗？——没有，但是她希望她去过。
解析：这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。
Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对已经发生的事情而言，那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望。
该句是一个省略句，完整的句子为No, but she wishes she had been to New York。
由于是对问题的回答，所以省略了问题中的相同成分，只保留了助动词had。
16. I wish I _______ the TV program last night.A. could watchB. have watchedC. watchedD. could have watched句意：我希望我昨晚看了那个电视节目。
解析：这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。
Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对已经发生的事情而言，那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望，如果重点要表达遗憾情绪，也可以用“情态助动词+have done”的形式。
17. The two strangers talked as if they ______ fiends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been句意：那两个陌生人聊起天来就好像他们是多年的朋友一样。
解析：这是与过去事实不一致的比拟。
as if从句中用过去完成时表达与过去事实不一致的比拟。
18. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if (though) it _______.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. has been broken句意：当一支铅笔一部分置于水杯中时，看起来就好像被折断了一样。
解析：这是与一般现实不一致的比拟。
as if从句中用过去时表达与一般事实不一致的比拟，be动词用were。
19. Look at the clouds, it looks as if it _______ rain.A. willB. wouldC. wereD. is going to句意：看那些云，看起来好像就要下雨了。