UNIT 2Sectio n One Tactics for liste ningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis . She was a discipli naria n* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like(4 )field hands to-d inner. She also en listed us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her childre n had a special (6) kn ack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7) missions. My brother Mike,for example, was believed to have especially (8) kee n eyesight . He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught . My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She didnot (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued in stead the sound of a metal bucket being (19) filled by a hose, or the persiste nee of a dandelion at the (20) edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Liste ning for GistFor hun dreds of years man has bee n fasci nated by the idea of flying One of the first men to produce desig ns for aircraft was Leon ardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly , or perhaps it would be better to say float , across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air ballo on was made in April 1783 by the Mon tgolfier brothers inFran ce.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for deliveri ng mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century,airship s superseded balloons as a form oftran sport.Airships came after ballo ons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris toTrappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were nu mbered as the aero- pla ne became in creas in gly safe and popular.ExerciseDirecti ons: Liste n to the passage and write dow n the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about the early history of flying. _____2. The key words are desig ns, an Italia n artist, fiftee nth cen tury,eighteenth cen tury, fly, float, ballo ons, hot-air ballo on, April 1783,airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Secti on Two Liste ning Comprehe nsionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarA: Good morning, can I help you?B: Yes, I'm in terested in buying a car.A: Have you anything in mind ?B: Not really.A: What price are you thi nking of?B: Not more tha n£ 13,500.A: Let's see now ... Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini.It costs £ 12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gall on. Or there's the Citr oen, behind the Mini. It costs £ 12,070 and is even cheaper to run tha n the Mini: It does 45 miles per gall on.It's not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour.B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I've got threechildre n. Isn't there anything bigger at that price?A: Well, there's the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It's verycomfortable and costs £ 13,040. It's cheap to run too, and it also has abuilt-in radio. Or there's the Ren ault at the back of the showroom,behi nd the Peugeot. It costs a little more, £ 13,240, but it is cheaper to run .It does 40 miles per gallo n and the Toyota only does 36 miles pergall on.B: What about that Volkswage n over there, i n front of the Toyota?A: That costs a little more tha n 3,500 but itfela very reliable car. It'smore expe nsive to run tha n the others: It does 34 miles per gallo n, butit's faster. Its top speed is 90 miles per hour. The Toyota's is 80 milesper hour and the Renault's is 82 miles per hour.B: How much does it cost?A: £ 13,630 and that includes a 5 -year guarantee.B: And the Fiat next to the Volkswagen?A: Agai n that's more tha n £ 13,500, but it's cheaper tha n the Volkswage n.It costs £ 13,550.B: Hmm well, I'll have to think about it and study these pamphlets. Howmuch is that Peugeot in cide ntally, behi nd the Lan cia?A: Oh, that's expe nsive. It costs £ 15,190.B: Yes, that is a bit too much. Thank you very much for your help.Goodbye.Part 2 PassageThe Wrights ' StoryOn the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright. The starts were all made from a point on the level sand about 200 feet west of our camp, which is located a quarter of a mile n orth of the Kill Devil sand hill, in Dare County, North Carolina.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity* of 27 miles an hourat 10 a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the an emometer* at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Statio n.The flights were directly against the wind. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assistanee from gravity or any other source whatever.After a run of about 40 feet along a mon orail* track, which held the mach ine 8 in ches (20 cen timeters) from the groun d, it rose from the track and un der the direct ion of the operator climbed upward on an in cli ned course till a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached, after which the course was kept as n ear horiz on tal as the wind gusts and the limited skill of the operator would permit.Into the teeth of a December gale (逆风) the "Flyer" made itsway forward with a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.It had previously bee n decided that for reas ons of pers onal safety these first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible. The height chose n was sufficie nt for man euveri ng* in so gusty a wind and with no previous acqua intance with the con duct of the mach ine and its con trolli ng mecha ni sms. Con seque ntly the first flight was short.The succeed ing flights rapidly in creased in len gth , and at the fourthtrial a flight of 59 seconds was made, in which time the machine flew a little more tha n half a mile through the air and a dista nee of 852 feet over the ground.The landing was due to a slight error of judgme nt on the part of the aviator. After passing over a little hummock* of sand, in attempting to bring the mach ine dow n to the desired height, the operator tur ned the rudder* too far, and the machi ne tur ned dow nward more quickly tha n had bee n expected. The reverse moveme nt of the rudder was a fract ionof a second (转瞬间,顷刻)too late to prevent the machine from touching the ground and thus ending the flight.As win ter was already well set in, we should have postp oned the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determ ined to know whether the machi ne possessed sufficie nt power to fly, sufficie nt stre ngth to withsta nd the shocks of landings and sufficie nt capacity of con trol to make flight safe in boisterous* win ds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-liste ning Questi onOrville Wright (1871-1948), America n aeron autical engin eer, famous for his role in the first con trolled, powered flight in a heavier-tha n-airmachine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airpla ne.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airpla ne. At Kitty Hawk, North Caroli na, on December17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer,which the Wrights constructed in 1905, was the world's first fullypractical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasi on.Exercise B Sentence Dictatio nDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1. On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon,four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2. Un der the directi on of the operator it climbed upward on an in cli ned course till a height of 8 or 10feet from the ground was reached.3. Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forwardwith a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 milesan hour through the air.4. The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a windand with no previous acqua intance with the con duct of the mach ine and its con trolli ng mecha ni sms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator tur ned the rudder toofar, and the mach ine tur ned dow nward more quickly tha n had bee n expected.Exercise C Detailed Liste ningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1. Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two byOrville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.. 学习参考2. The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hourat 10 am, and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by thean emometer at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Statio n.3. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assista neefrom gravity or any other source whatever.4. The machi ne ran about 40 feet along a mono rail track before it rose from the track.5. These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reas ons of pers onalsafety.6. The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 sec onds at the fourth trial.7. The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of the aviator.8. As win ter was already well set in, it was not a favorable seas on for the trials.Exercise D After-liste ning Discussi onDirecti ons: Liste n to the passage aga in and discuss the follow ing questi ons.1. Because they wan ted to know whether the machi ne possessed sufficie nt power to fly, sufficie ntstre ngth to withsta nd the shocks oflandings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe inboisterous wi nds as well as in calm air.2. (Open)Secti on Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball Champi on shipThe semifi nal round of the World Basketball tour name nt is later today (Saturday) in the mid-westernIn dia na.Arge ntina is the only un defeated team at the tour name nt. The SouthAmerica ns have outscored their opp onents by an average of 19 pointsper game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States(87-80) to snap a 58-game intern ati onal wi nning streak* by professi onal squads of the Nati onal Champi on ship(US) state ofBasketball Associati on players.Arge nti na also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifi nal round where the team will face Germa ny. Primarily using Europea n experie need players, Arge ntina defeated Germa ny earlier in the sec ond round, 86-77.Defending champi on Yugoslavia, which ousted the Un ited States(81-78) in the quarterfi nals, plays upstart* New Zeala nd. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sun day before the champi on ship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This n ews item is about the semifinal round of the World BasketballChampi on ship tourn ame nt.Exercise BDirecti ons: Liste n to the n ews aga in and complete the followi ngsenten ces.1. In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2. Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3. Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team atthe tourn ame nt.4. Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States inthe quarterfi nals, plays aga inst New Zealand. ___5. The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany, Yugoslavia and NewZeala nd.6. The losers of each game will play for the third place before the champi on ship game.News Item 2Europea n FootballEn glish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champi ons League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool n eeded a win Tuesday to qualify / for the sec ond phase. In stead, the En glish club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champi ons League, qualify ing sec ond in Group B • beh indVale ncia of Spa in, which beat Spartak Moscow 3 -0.En glish champi on Arse nal played to a scoreless home draw aga inst Dutch-side PSV Ein dhove n to top Group A and move into the sec ond phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortm un d*, which adva need despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in Fran ce.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture sec ond place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also adva nee, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, In ter Mila n of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expe nse of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rose nborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This n ews item is about European football matches. ____Exercise BDirections: Liste n to the n ews aga in and decide whether thefollow ing stateme nts are true (T) or false (F).1. T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Ope n Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tour name nt gets un derway Thursday n ear Wash ington at the Tour name nt Players Club at Ave nel.Twe nty-eight-year-old America n Rich Beem is back to defe nd his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tour name nts. He hopes he can aga in find his form duri ng the n ext four days, as he is curre ntly 132 nd on the money list.The player who is nu mber- one on golf's money list and in the world rankin gs, America n Tiger Woods, decided to skip this eve nt after wi nning the rain-delayed Memorial Ope n in (Dubli n) Ohio on Mon day.Compatriot* Jeff Sluma n says eve n Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's un believable. He's got an opport un ity, as I said eve n a couple years ago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's show ing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous, fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying forThethree million dollars in prize money. first-place check has bee n in creasedfrom 450 thousa nd to 540 thousa nd dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This n ews item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tourn ame nt on Thursday.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.II1. The Kemper Open golf tour name nt will be held on Thursday.2. Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3. He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4. Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the worldrankin gs.5. He has to take a break after a match on Mon day.6. There are 156 golfers tak ing part in this eve nt.7. The total prize money is three million dollars.8. The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSecti on Four Suppleme ntary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men 'Natio nal Collegiate Basketball Tourname ntThe widely followed US me n's n ati onal collegiate basketballtour name nt con cludes toni ght (9 p.m. EST) in Atla nta with achampi on ship match-up* betwee n Maryla nd and In dia na.Maryla nd is in the champi on ship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditi ons: Ken tucky, Conn ecticut and Kan sas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tour name nt, the In dia na Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they kno cked off defe nding champi on Duke in the third round, and in the semifi nals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win."Any team that's gotte n to where In dia na has gotte n, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're play ing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defe nse like they do, they have a cha nee to beat anybody. That's what concerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."In dia na has 27 wins and 11 defeats this seas on. The last time a team won the n ati onal champi on ship with as many as 11 losses was Kan sas in1988. Maryla nd has a school record of 31 wins aga inst only 4 losses. Ithas three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals lastyear, and they are determined that this time they will take home the scho ol's first men's n ati onal basketball champi on ship.Exercise ADirecti ons: Liste n to the n ews report and complete the summary.This n ews report is about two teams that will compete for the ________champion ship of US men's n ati onal collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following senten ces.1. M aryla nd moves in the champion ship game for the first time in the school history.2. The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions before it reachedthe title game.3. Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4. In dia na has 27 wins and 11 defeats this seas on.5. Last year the Maryla nd Terrap ins reached the semifinals. ____6. I n 1988, the team who won the n atio nal champi on ship with as many as 11 losses was Kan sas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Inven ted the Airpla ne?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of hisParis apartme nt and duri ng the day he'd fly to go shopp ing or to visit frie nds.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed asthe inven tor of the airpla ne all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound toelicit an avala nche of argume nts as to why their flight did n't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off un assisted, publiclyflew a predeterm ined len gth and the n Ian ded safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to（开始考虑做）his maidenflight the Wright brothers had already flow n nu merous times, in cludi ng one flight in whichthey flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who inven ted the airpla ne, and they will sayAlberto San tos-Dum ont, a bon viva nt as well-k nown for his aerialprowess as he was for his dan dyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffma n reco unts in his biography Wings of Madn ess, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying mach ine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartme nt at the Champs Elysees, and every ni ght he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit frien ds," Hoffma n said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wingscalled the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inven tor of the airpla ne all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beate n San tos-Dum ont at Kitty Hawk, North Caroli na, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avala nche of argume nts as to why their flight did n't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Jan eiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Hen rique Li ns de Barros, a Brazilia n physicist and San tos-Dum ont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flightfrom a proIon ged hop.San tos-Dum on t's flight did meet the criteria: He took off un assisted, publicly flew a predeterm ined len gth and the n Ian ded safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19thcentury, the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilia ns claim that the Wrights laun ched their Flyer in 1903 witha catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Eve n San tos-Dum ont experts like Li ns de Barros con cede* this iswrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US NationalAir and Space Museum in / Wash ington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time San tos-Dum ont got around to his maide n flight theWright brothers had already flow n nu merous times, in clud ing one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Eve n in France the Wrights are con sidered to have flow n beforeSan tos-Dum ont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Cen ter for the History of Aeron autics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901 ,San tos-Dum ont helped prove that air travel could be con trolled.Exercise A Pre-liste ning Questi onAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer whocame to Paris, Fran ce, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He bega n to con struct dirigible airships powered with gasoli ne-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourtee n of the small dirigibles. In1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the EiffelTower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him theDeutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, heattempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" mon opla ne, the precursor to the moder n light pla ne.Exercise B Sentence Dictatio nDirections: Liste n to some sen ten ces and write them dow n. You willhear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed Liste ningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the followingstateme nts are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the stateme nt is true or false.-T - 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who inven ted the airpla ne.(Ask anyone in Brazil who inven ted the airpla ne, and they will sayAlberto San tos-Dum ont ...)-T- 2. In Paul Hoffma n's day Alberto San tos-Dum ont was the onlypers on to own a flying machi ne.(As Paul Hoffma n reco unts in his biography Wings of Madn ess, the ecce ntric Brazilia n was the only pers on in his day to own a flying mach in e.)-T- 3. Accord ing to Hoffma n, Alberto San tos-Dum ont used hisdirigible as a means of tran sportati on.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartme nt at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every ni ght and he'd fly to go shopp ing or to visit friends duri ng the day.) -F 4. On November 12, 1906, Sa ntos-Dum ont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-likecontraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilia ns claim that the Wrights laun ched their Flyer in1903 with assista nee by a device.(Brazilia ns claim that the Wrights laun ched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.) -T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer'stakeoff.(Eve n San tos-Dum ont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros saysthat the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F 7. Officials from the US Natio nal Air Force say such claims are groun dless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washi ngton, says such claims are preposterous.) -T- 8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights beforeSantos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flow n nu merous times, in cludi ng one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirect ions: Liste n to the passage aga in and discuss the follow ingquesti ons.1. By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901,San tos-Dum ont helped prove that air travel could be con trolled.2. (Open)。