Unit 4system 系统，体系solar system 太阳系 government systems 政府体系interest vt. 使⋯感兴趣常用： Sth. interest Sb. interested adj. 感兴趣的interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的 eg: What he said interestedall of us.We are interested in the interesting story.1.根据一个普遍接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸把物质射向四面八方。
（背过）a widely accepted theory,the universe started with ⋯ .throw matter in all directions.世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词 the, 例如： the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world. 但是名词前若有 adj 修饰，一般用不定冠词 a/an 。
例如：There is a big moon in the sky.Start/begin with 以⋯开始；to start/begin with首先=first of allwide adj.&adv. Wide 做副词表示具体的宽 He lay here, with his eyes wide open./wide awake.widely adv. 修饰抽象的广泛的The book is widely read. Direction 表示方向常和 in,from 搭配。
从某个方向用 from, 朝某方向用 in.in all directions 四面八方in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向例如： The woman went to thedirection from which shecame.这个女士走向她来的方向。
to do 一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最后。
Only to do 结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。
例如：She went to the supermarket,only to find/only to be toldthat all the salt had been sold out.2.be to do用法，自己列出。
settle 定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神的镇静例如：We finally settled in Jinan.定居The question is hard tosettle/solve. 解决The bird settled on thebranch. 停留在树枝上My father settled himself inthe sofa after work. 坐在沙发上The medicine can help tosettle your nerves. 镇静神经st VI 持续维持其后的介词 for 经常省略。
The meeting lasted (for) threehours.4. in time ①及时 in time todo/ in time for②最终，迟早。
相当于sooner orlater ,eventually例如：We were just in time for the flight.=Wewere just in time to catch theplane.Don’ t worry. I amsure things willget better in time.辨析： in time/ on time/ at atime( 一次，每次 )/at onetime( 曾经，一度 )/ attimes=sometimes( 有时候 )5.atmosphere ①大气层，经常与定冠词联用theatmosphere ②气氛，氛围例如：An atmosphere of tension( 紧张 ) filled Japan after theearthquake.The atmosphere over dinner waswarm and friendly.6.As the earth cooled down,⋯..as 在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。
可以和 with 复合结构互换。
例如：As time goes by, we are older andolder. = With time going by,⋯11.unlike prep. 不像Unlike his brother, he is diligent.不像弟弟，他很勤奋。
It isunlike him to be late. 迟到可不像他的风格。
-I dislike eating fish. I like 16. for the first time 第一次，为eating meat. 我不喜欢吃鱼，介词短语，一般做时间状语。
我喜欢吃肉。
The first time 为连词，连接句What is the weather like? 天子气怎么样？It is /was the first time that sb. He is likely to come.= it is have/had done sth.likely that he will come. 他例如：I am sorry. My work remains unfinished.After many years, he remains single./ he remains a teacher.The problem remains to be solved.很可能回来。
12.be fundamental to对⋯至关重要，基础fundamental differences 根本的不同13.make it possible for lifeto develop 为 make+宾语 +宾补的结构在此 it 形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。
宾补可以有多种成分充当，但不能加 ing 形式。
例如：We made him president.我们选他做总统。
Weshould try our best to make the room clean.I spoke aloud to make myself heard. 让我自己被听见。
The mother madethe boy do his work all day. 被动 The boy was made to do his work all day. 14.multiply 繁殖，增加，乘例如：Cells multiply by means of cell division.The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.Your effort will multiply your chance of success.15. call A B 叫 ...A 是 BThe boy called Jim is a kind boy.I lived in what you called Greece. Today, I climbed on the QianfoMount for the first time.I fell in love with the car the firsttime I saw it.It is the first time that Ihave visited the city.lay eggs 下蛋lie –lied---lied 撒谎lie— lay—lain 躺，位于 lay—laid—laid 放置，下蛋He laid the books on the shelf.他把书放在书架上了。
The hen lays an egg a day. 这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。
He lied to his mother. 他对母亲撒谎了。
18.exist不及物动词，不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。
名词： existence/come into existence =come intobeing 形成，产生例如：There exist warm-heartedpeople everywhere.Wecan’t exist without water. Noone knows when the earth cameinto existence.19. remain vi&link-v 保持，维持，仍然，剩余the remaining money 剩下的蛋糕It remains to be see whetherwe can finish it in time.20.spread 伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播The news spread through theschool quickly.The mother spread a cloth onthe table.The fire spread quickly, butall the people were able toescape.21. thus adv 相当于 therefore 因此The universities haveexpanded, thus allowing morestudents to get a highereducation.He forgot to turn on theradio and thus missed thenews.He knocked out Tom, thusbecoming the champion.22. in one’s turn 轮到⋯./ byturns 轮流 / in turn ①依次，轮流②反之，从而 / in return (for)作为回报例如：Today, I am in my turn on duty toclean the room.The two brothers looked aftertheir sick mother by turns.I gave him some money in returnfor his help.= He-helped me. In return, I gave him some money.-高考再现：A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which________ will promote its economic development.A .in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact23.prevent/keep/stop⋯from⋯.阻止。