组织学又称显微解剖学 (microanatomy)
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Why should we study histology?
属医学主干课程 与其他基础课程关系密切
√解剖学的延伸：从大体到显微 √生理学的基础 √病理学的基础
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How do we study histology?
平面与立体
结构与功能
microvilli
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introduction
上皮组织的一般特点
Common Features of Epithelial Tissue
细胞多、排列紧密、细胞外基质少closely aggregated polyhedral cells with very little extracellular substance
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Part I
Introduction to Histology
Overview:
What is histology ? Why should we study histology? How do we study histology? Methods and tools for studying Histology
Lecture 1
Introduction to Histology Epithelial Tissue
By Wei-Jun Cai Dept. of Histology & Embryology Xiangya School of Medicine, CSU
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Histology &Embryology course
光线不能通过厚的组织块
各种显微镜的分辨率与人眼的比较
分辨率
人眼
0.2 mm
普通光镜
0.2 µm
透射电镜
0.1~0.2 nm
扫描电镜
2.5 nm
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组织学常用的方法：染色Stains
Why do we need staining in Histology?
Refractive index光折射率
Staining with dyes
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Stains
stains
-nucleus (DNA, RNA), ribosome - -cytoplasm (lysosome)&
rER & matrix of cartilage
-connective tissue fibers
Blue
-blood red cells
Red
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H.E staining is most commonly used for light microscopy
different regions, structures are different 无血管, 但神经末梢丰富 Avascular, but rich in nerve endings 再生性regenerative
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introduction
上皮细胞的功能
Function of Epithelial Tissue
位于体表或体内管、腔及囊的内表面mainly covers body surfaces or lines hollow organs.
有基膜separated from the underlying tissue 有极性Polarity: 3 surfaces: apical, basal, and lateral, in
cilia
综合与比较
Skeletal M Cardiac M Smooth M
静
Fibrocyte quiescent
态
与
active
动
态
Fibroblast
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组织学常用的工具：显微镜和切片机 microscope and microtome
细胞的大小在微米水平上变化 1mm=1000µ m ; 1µ m =1000nm
保护(表皮) —Skin protects from sunlight & bacteria & physical damage.
吸收(小肠上皮吸收细胞) — Lining of small intestine, absorbing nutrients into blood
过滤（肾小管上皮） — Lining of Kidney tubules filtering wastes from blood plasma
Two main classes of dyes
BASIC DYE (eg.hematoxylin )
ACIDIC DYE (eg.eosin )
Dye+ binds to acidic structures Basophilia
Dye- binds to basic structures Eosinophilia
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What is histology ?
机体的组成水平
① 细胞和分子水平
细胞器 ︱
细胞
调节
合成
细胞外基质
② 组织水平
③器官和系统水平
形态相似
功能相关的细胞
组织
几种组织 器官 有机结合 系统
细胞外基质
四种基本组织:
上皮组织、结缔组织
特定功能
肌组织、神经组织
组织学是研究机体微细结构和它们的相关功能以及这些微细结 构是怎样有机结合使各器官具有特定功能的的科学。
Part Ⅱ
Epithelial Tissue 上皮组织
Overview:
Common Features of epithelial tissue Characteristic features of epithelial cells Types of epithelia
－Covering or Lining Epithelia －Glandular epithelia