请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”主语表语定语宾语宾补状语不定式⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫-ing ⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：1、主语"使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）It is hard to find a true friend.It is impolite to talk with your mouth full."使用-ing(1) 在句首时Shopping is her best way to relax herself.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.(2) 前有所有格修饰时Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing））It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.2、表语" My job is to teach you English.=My job is teaching you English."The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……3、定语"使用不定式：（1）在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) （2）有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions."使用-ing：（1）表____________a developing country the fast-growing economy a sleeping boy the rising sunDo you know the person talking to the headteacher now?= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?（2）表_____________Those wishing to join this club should sign here.= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.（3）表_____________an interesting story exciting news puzzling lights confusingrules disappointing results（4）表_____________a swimming pool a walking stick a writing desk a smoking area a changing room4、宾语"使用不定式：在某些动词后He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________"使用-ing（1）在某些动词后He is considering changing for a new job.后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________（2）在介词后She relaxes herself by shopping。
Look forward to seeing you again.to 是介词的词组还有：______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________"使用不定式和-ing意义不同(1) forget doing(having done)________________ forget todo________________________remember doing(having done)_______________ remember todo_____________________regret doing(having done) __________________ regret todo______________________(2) try doing _______________ try to do_______________(3) mean doing______________ mean to do______________(4) cant help doing______________ can’t help (to) do _____________(5) stop doing_______________ stop to do_______________(6）need doing_______________ need to do_______________5、宾补：不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词：（1）感官动词: find, see, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel后（2）使役动词make, have, let, keep, leave后宾补用（省to）不定式，-ing，过去分词都可，但意义不同。
I saw him come in.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程）I saw him coming towards us.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行）He raised his voice to make himself heard ( by the students).（说明的对象是宾语，表被动）Sorry to keep you waiting so long. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的状态”）He hurried out of the washing room, leaving the water still running. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的的状态”）People along the coast had all their houses ruined by the typhoon. （说明的对象是宾语，表被动）6、状语"使用不定式常表目的。
He came here to attend an important meeting."使用-ing可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、补充说明等。
Turning around, he saw a car driving up.（表_________）Not knowing his address, he had much difficulty finding his home. （表_________）The fire lasted a month, leaving nothing valuable. （表_________）Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. （表_________）He lay on the bed, thinking what to do the next day. （表_________）Yesterday John sent me a letter, telling me that he would come to see me the next month.（表_________）二、不定式与-ing的语态与时态一般式复杂形式被动式完成式完成被动式否定式to do主动/将来 to be done被动/将来 to have done主动/完成 to have been done被动/完成 not to do，not to be done-ing主动/进行/同时性 being done被动/进行 having done主动/完成 having been done被动/完成 not doing，not having done以上各种形式的使用场合及区别1. to be done / being done/doing 常作定语to be done 与说明对象之间表被动和将来;being done与说明对象之间表被动和进行；doing与说明对象之间表主动和进行.The students to be interviewed tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.= The students who ______ _ tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.The problem being discussed now is about “Economy or environment”.= The problem which ________ ________ _________ now is about “Economy or environment”.The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt.= The old man who _________________ __________ wears a white shirt.2. to do/ to be done作状语时的区别：to do 与说明对象之间表____________;to be done 表_____________.He hurried back home to tell his father he had won the first place.He went there to be trained for a pilot.3. to be doing/to do have done/to have been done 常作宾语常用于以下句型：sth/sb is said(reported/thought/believed/considered) to do…sb/sth pretend (happen) to do…sb/sth is likely to do…to do 与说明对象之间表主动和将来;to be doing说明对象之间表主动和进行；to do have done说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前已发生;to have been done说明对象之间表被动，在谓语动词之前已发生。