高中英语语法——冠词一考点解读根究上海英语学科教学基本要求的规定，上海市高考英语关于冠词部分的考察，重难点集中在以下几点：1、冠词用于类指(1)定冠词和不定冠词都可以表示某一类人或物。

例如：The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Houses are useful animals.(2)定冠词与形容词、表示国籍的形容词、过去分词连用表示一类人。

例如：the poor, the Chinese, the unknown, the disabled(3)姓氏前加the, 后加’s表示一家人。

例如：the Turners, the Joneses2. 短语中的冠词（1）一般情况下，在序数词、最高级、乐器、江山、山脉、群岛、报刊杂志等名词前要用冠词the。

在表示季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期、称呼、官衔职位、三餐、球类运动等名词前不用定冠词。

（2）定冠词与不定冠词在固定短语中的用法：1）in detail on earth from beginning to end at hand by hand by chance/accident 2）for the time being in the distance by the hourhit sb. On the head catch sb. by the arm3）at a loss as a rule try a third timeA poet and novelist a most disagreeable experience3. 在某些名词前有没有冠词，意义不同。

例如：1）She listens carefully in class. 她上课时仔细听讲。

She in the nest student in the class.她是班上最好的学生。

2）Charlie has gone to school.查理上学去了Charlie’s father will go to the school to see the headmaster.查理父亲要到学校去见校长。

3）They are at table.他们在用餐。

He is sitting at the table, doing his homework. 他坐在桌旁做作业。

4）There is a tennis court in front of the teaching building.教学楼的前面有个网球场。

The teaching desk is in the front of the classroom. 讲台在教室的前部。

5）The contest took place yesterday. 昨天举行了比赛Who’ll take the place of the boss when he is away?谁将在老板不在时代替他？6）The three of us knew nothing about it. 我们三个人（我们一共有三个人）对此一无所知Only three of us have seen that film.我们中只有三人看过那部电影。

二. 高考链接下面是上海市近十年的关于冠词的高考试题1. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.（2010年上海试题第26题）A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours答案C。

在本题中journey是表示一次旅行，是可数名词，所以要用冠词修饰；同时three hours 变成合成词作定语要用原型。

故答案为C。

2. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid ________ . （2005年春上海试题第28题）A. by the hourB. by hourC. by an hourD. by hours答案A。

by the hour是固定搭配，表示按小时计算，其中的定冠词the不可省略，也不可用a。

故答案是A。

3．I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays . （2003年上海试题第25题）A．a …an B．the …a C．an …a D．an…the 答案C。

在本题中前面的空表示的是“每小时10美元”，“每一”用不定冠词a或an，hour前面只能用an；后面的空格，表示“作为一名超市收银员”，不是特指具体的哪一位，所以也是用不定冠词。

故答案是C.4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation. （2002年上海试题第1题）A. /B. theC. aD. one答案C。

在本题中a good knowledge of是固定搭配，意思是“对……很好的了解”。

5. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg. （2001年上海试题第1题）A. aB. oneC. theD. his答案C。

定冠词the用在身体部位的名词前表示所有，相当于物主代词，再如：She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。

故答案选C.三解题思路记住用定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的固定搭配；不定冠词的使用主要区分元音音素和辅音音素，元音前用an，辅音前用a。

四专题测试1. A doctor told me to take ____medicine three times a day, stay in ___bed, then I would be better soon.A. a; theB. a; /C. the; /D. /; a2. ______Einsteins did manage to send ______Einstein to a technical school.A. /;/B. An; anC. The; /D. The; an3. ______snow is white. The snow that covers the top of the mountain is _____ beautiful sight.A. The; theB. /; /C. /; aD. /; the4. We'll wait for you at the gate of ____school on _____National Day.A. the; theB. the；/C. a; /D. a; a5. ______students in our school are mostly from_____ north．A. The; /B. The; a C．/; the D. The; the6. The overseas Chinese have _____great love for______ their motherland.A. a; theB. an; /C. the; /D. a; /7. We walked together ____arm in______ arm.A. a; aB. an; anC. the; theD. /; /8. ____singer and _____dancer has accepted the invitation.A. A; aB. The; theC. The; aD. The; /9. You can write a letter in _____ink or______ pencil.A. /; aB. /; /C. a;/D. an; a10. They used to go swimming in the sea in ____summer, but during ___summer of 2004 they were too busy to go swimming at all.A. the;/B. /; theC./;/D. the; the11. _____Yellow River is the pride of _____People's Republic off China.A. The; aB. A; aC. The; the D．/; the12. All of ____sudden, we were caught in _____rain.A. /; /B. a; theC. /;theD. a; a13. ___had been committed was not realized until later.A. How serious a crimeB. How serious crimeC. How a serious crimeD. How crime serious14. You can hardly hope to succeed where _____ has failed.A. many greater manB. a many greater manC. many a greater manD. many greater a man15. How did you pay the workers? As a rule, they were paid ______.A. by an hourB. by hoursC. by a hourD. by the hour16. It's ____great pleasure to go to ___cinema after a week's hard work.A. a; theB. the; aC. a. aD. the; the17. As ____unemployment is very high at the moment, it's very difficult for people to find _____work.A. the；/B./;/C. the; aD. an; the18. All these changes will lead to _____stronger and powerful China, ____country that can surprise and enrich our planet.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the19. -Really? Who will give _____lecture? What is it about?-Professor Chen, ____president of Beijing University. About pollution.A. the; aB. the；/C. a; theD. a; /20. -Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ______phone.-who is calling?- ____Mr. Green. I don't know who he is.A. /; AB. the;/C. the; AD. /; /21. As is known to all,______ tiger is in ______danger of dying out.A. a; aB. the;/C. a; / D ．the; the22.The warmth of ________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ________ wool used.A.the; theB.the; /C./; theD./; /23.The sun gives us ________ heat and ________ light.A.the; theB.a; aC.a; theD./; /24.—What do you need in dinner? —I need ________.A.a knife and a forkB.a knife and forkC.the knife and forkD.the knife and the fork25.—Where is Jack?—I think he is still in ________ bed，but he might be in ________ bathroom.A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the26.I don’t like talking on ________ telephone; I prefer writing ________ letters.A.a; theB.a; /C.the; theD.the; /27.I heard somebody playing ________ piano in ________ next room.A.a; aB.the; theC.a; theD.the; an28.Great changes have taken place in ________ 1990’s.A./B.aC.theD.an29.Wouldn’t it be ____ wonderful world if all na tions lived in _____ peace with one another?A.a; /B.the; /C.a; theD.the; the30.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _____ President of ____ United States for the second time.A.the; theB.a; aC./; theD./; /31.The table is made of ____.A.a woodB.some woodC.the woodD.wood32.We are going to learn ________ next week.A.Twelfth Lesson B .The Twelfth Lesson C.Twelve Lesson D.The Twelve Lesson33.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel，please.—Well，you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A.some; aB.an; someC.some; someD.an; a34.Paper money was in _______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ______ thirteenth century.A.the; /B.the; theC./; theD./; /35.Beyond ________ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but ________ space.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the36.—Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it some where.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; aD.the; a37.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in ___ history of ___ cinema.A./; /B.a; theC.the; theD.the; a38.—What about ________ book? —It’s too difficult ________ book.A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a39.She always plays ________ football after ________ school.A.a; theB.the; theC./; aD./; /40._____ wheel is thought to be _____ invention of _____ first importance in human history.A.A; the; theB.The; an; theC.A; an; theD.A; an; /41.I felt someone patted me on ________ shoulder.A.aB.theC.myD./42.—So you are running ________ restaurant?—Yes，but I don’t want to make it ________ restaurant only for rich people.A.the; /B.the; theC.a; theD.a; a43.Xi’an was ________ starting point of ________ world famous“Silk Road”.A./;/B.a; aC.the; /D.the; the44.At noon we reached ________ small village ________ east of ________ Summer Palace.A.the; the; theB.a; /; theC.a; the; theD.a; /; /45.The child had only ________ slight temperature，but the doctor regarded ________ illness as serious enough for ________ hospital treatment.A./; /; theB.a; /; /C.a; the; /D./; the; the46.—What is Jack going to do with all his money?—He says he has always dreamed of taking ________ trip around ________ world.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; /D.a; a47.The building was completed in ______ September of 1956 not in ______ October,1955.A./; theB.the; theC./;/D.the; /48.I would like to have _______ room，_______ window of which opens to _______ south.A.a; the; aB.a; the; theC.a; /; /D.a; the; /49.There is ________“h” in the word“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an50.Father often says to me,“Be _____ honest boy today and _____ useful man tomorrow.”A.a; aB.an; anC.a; anD.an; a参考答案一、1. C2. C3.C4. B5.D6.D7. D8. D9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15.D16.A17.B18.A19.B20.C21.B22.B23.D24.B25.D26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.C 35.A36.C37.C38.D39.D40.B41.B42.D43.D44.B45.C46.A47.D48.B48.D50D。