第 2 讲普通名词的数【Key points】
一、可数名词变复数
1.规则变化
分类构成方法读音例词
一般情况加-s 读/ s /
或读/ z / book bag pet boy
以s sh x ch 结尾加-es 读/ iz / bus brush
box watch
以辅音字母加y 结尾变y 为i 加-es 读/ z / family
strawberry
以o 结尾有生命加-es
无生命加-s 读/ z / Potato hero
photo zoo
以 f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v
再加-es 读/ z / thief leaf
wife knife
2.例外情况
1)以ch 结尾加s 的英语单词：
stomach—stomachs
2)以f 结尾直接加s 的英语单词：
roof—roofs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs staff—staffs chief—chiefs proof—proofs 3)
以f 结尾两种变法都可的单词：
scarf—scarfs / scarves
dwarf—dwarfs / dwarves handkerchief—
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 3．不规则变
化
1)单复数相同sheep deer fish
2)a 变成e man woman Englishman Frenchman
3)oo 变成ee foot tooth goose
4)中日不变英法变，其余s 加后边
5)child—children ox — oxen mouse—mice
4．两个注意
1.英语中一些由两个部分组成的物体名词通常是以-s 结尾，如：pants，trousers，shorts，shoes，scissors，glasses 等。
这一类名词，如果不带单位词，通常用做复数；
His new pants are black and white．
如果带有单位词，则需要根据单位词判定单复。
This pair of pants is
cheap．Two pairs of pants are
enough．
2.“形复意单”—虽有s 但不复: physics，maths，politics，athletics，economics，news
二、不可数名词
含义：不可数名词表示无法分清个体的名词，主要为物质名词和
抽象名词。
物质名词：
液体类：juice，water，beer，coffee…
粉末类：powder，flour，sugar，salt…
食物类：rice，bread，junk food，butter，chocolate…
肉类：beef，pork，chicken，mutton…
抽象名词：
information，money，work，advice，friendship，help，
fun，health，furniture，jewelry，wealth，time…
不可数名词的特点：
1.前面不可以直接加不定冠词a/an
2.不可数名词永远按单数处理
Water is very important for
people．Time is money．
3.当时间、金钱、距离或距离做主语时，后面动词用单数形式Four kilometers is a long way．
4.不可数名词也有量的表达:数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
①个数：piece（张、片、块、条）a piece of apple pie
②容量：cup，bottle，bag，box，bucket
two cups of tea three boxes of milk
four buckets of water 四桶水
③类别：kind all kinds of bread
④度量：kilo（千克，公斤）two kilos of oil
【Exercises】
1.Physics (be) his favorite subject．
2.He thinks maths (be) difficult．
3.I don’t like politics．Because (it/they be) boring．
4.写出下面单词的复数形式：
bus kilo man key box day
leaf dish boss hero deer foot
tooth sheep party ruler knife glass
pencil family monkey child goose Chinese ( )5. There a set of on the
desk．A．is；key B．is；
keys
C．are；keies D．are；keys
( )6. Can you see nine in the picture?
A．sheep B．dog C．pig D．horse ( )7. —Hello! Are you ?
—No．We are ．
A．Brazilian；American B．Brazil；Americans
C．Brazil；American D．Brazilian；America ( )8. —Can I help you?
—I’d like for my twin
daughters．A．two pair of shoes B．two
pairs of shoe
C．two pair of shoe D．two pairs of shoes
9.I have two ．(pencil-case)
10.My sister looks after two ．(baby)
11.There are some (deer) eating the grass．
12.The baby has many ．(toy)
13.(hero) are great．
14.—How many (stamp) have you collected?
—More than 500．
15.Many Canadians can speak two (language)．
16.There are many (country) in the world．
17.I bought many (scarf) because they
are cheap on the net．
【回顾与思考】What have you learnt today?
(
)18. Come on ，children ． Help yourselves to some
if
you like ． A ．fish and chicken B ．fishes and chicken C ．fish and chickens
D ．fishes and chickens ( )19. There is some
on the plate ． A ．cakes
B ．meat
C ．potato
D ．pears
(
)20. There are
on the desk ．
A ．two bottle of orange
B ．two bottles of oranges
C ．two bottle of oranges
D ．two bottles of orange (
)21. Elephants eat but koalas eat
． A ．grasses ；leaf
B ．grass ；leaves
C ．grass ；leaf
D ．grasses ；leaves ( )22. He gave us
on how to keep fit ．
A ．some advices
B ．some advice
C ．an advice
D ．a advice (
)23. This pair of black shoes
my
father’s ． A ．is
B ．are
C ．be
D ．am
( )24. There are
and
on the table ．
A. two boxes cake ；four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake ；four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes ；four bottles of orange
D. two box of cakes ；four bottles of oranges
【参考答案】
1．is 2．is 3．it is
4．buses kilos men keys boxes days leaves dishes bosses heroes deer feet
teeth sheep parties rulers knives glasses pencils families monkeys children geese Chinese 5-8 BAAD
9．pencil-cases
10．babies
11．deer
12．toys
13．Heroes
14．stamps
15．languages
16．countries
17．scarves / scarfs
18-20 ABD
21-24 BBAC。