一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时1. 一般现在时（1）一般现在时的构成动词一般用原形，若主语为单数第三人称，则动词加词尾-s或-es，具体变化规则如下(与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样)：1.一般情况下由动词后加-s构成。

如：work→works 工作read→reads 读look→looks 看come→comes 来live→lives 居住listen→listens 听2.以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-es。

如：guess→guesses 猜mix→mixes 混和go→goes 去finish→finishes 完成catch→catches 抓住3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-es。

如：fly→flies 飞行study→studies 学习carry→carries 带，扛一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形式后加—s 或—es 。

如：Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.汤姆在家经常邦助父母做家务。

Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself.有时候露西亲自洗她的衣服。

（2）一般现在时的用法1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

与often , always ,usually , sometimes , once a week , every day 等表示频度的副词或时间状词连用。

如：I often go to school by bike. 我经常骑自行车去上学。

2) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。

如：The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。

3）在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。

如：If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。

When I grow up, I will go to America.当我长大以后，我将去美国。

4）在某些以here , there 开头的句子用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。

如：There goes the bell .铃响了。

（3）与一般现在时连用的有时间状语1）表示频度的副词always , often , usually , sometimes 等。

2）on Sandy, on Monday afternoon, every day , in the morning, every year 等时间状词。

3）once a year, twice a month , three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。

2.一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。

Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。

（2）一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

如：I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起床。

We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。

2）表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。

如：When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.当我在下乡时，我常常在河里游泳。

（3）和一般过去时连用的时间状语Last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now 等。

（4）动词过去式分规则变化和不规则变化两种。

不规则变化需逐个记忆，规则变化遵循以下原则：(1) 一般情况下，在动词后加 -ed 构成：work→worked 工作laugh→laughed 笑seem→seemed 似乎look→looked 看jump→jumped 跳play→played 玩(2) 在以-e结尾的动词后只加 -d：close→closed 关like→liked 喜欢agree→ag reed 同意(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将 y 改为i 再加-ed：study→studied 学习carry→carried 带，扛try→tried 试，设法(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop→stopped停止drop→dropped 掉下prefer→preferred 宁愿3. 现在进行时（1）现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“主语+am / is / are +动词的现在分词”构成。

否定形式：主语+am / is / are +not +动词的现在分词。

疑问形式“Am / Is /Are +主语+ 动词的现在分词。

肯定回答：Yes ,主语+am / is / are .否定回答：Not , 主语+am / is /are + not .(2)现在进行时的用法1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。

如：—What are you doing ? 你在做什么？--I am reading English. 我正在读英语。

2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。

如：They are studying hard his term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。

3）go , leave, arrive , start等动词现在进行时表示将来。

如：I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。

4) 当时间状词为now , there days 等时或当句子中含有look , listen ,can you see ,can’t you see 之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。

但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。

a. 表示感觉的动词，如see, hear等。

b. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, love 等。

c. 表示希望的动词，如want, would like 等。

d. 表示状态的动词，如：be 等。

e.表示归属的动词，如：have 等。

f. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如：know, forget 等。

4. 过去进行时（1）表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。

常和表示过去的时间状语then ,at that time , this time yesterday ,at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的进间。

如：---What were you doing at nine last night?---I was watching TV at that time.——昨天晚上九点你在干什么？——那时我正在看电视。

He was reading when I came in. 当我进来时，他正在读书。

I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.当父母看电视的时候，我正在做作业。

（2）过去进行时常和always 等时间副词连用时，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。

如：Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽丝总含有在改变主意。

（3）注意在含有when或while 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用。

1) 主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去时进行时（从句常用一般过去时）。

2）从句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时（主语用一般过去时）。

3）若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while 来引导。

5. 现在分词构成1 一般情况下直接加ing think---thinkingsleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking say---saying2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ingmake---making come---coming take---taking leave---leavingwake---waking have---having3以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop---stopping sit---sitting run---runningforget---forgetting4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die---dy lie---lying 5以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。

初中学过的这类词有：bigin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。

travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。

练习：一、单项填空1. There ___many students in the library after school every day.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are2. The football team played well, but they didn’t ____the competition.A. scoreB. doC. succeedD. win3. They ____her to the party, so she was very happy.A. inviteB. invitedC. will inviteD. are inviting4. Diana, together with her friends, _____Chinese in China.A. studyB. have studiedC. studiesD. are studying5. They had to ____the 800—meter race because of the bad weather.A. put onB. put offC. get onD. get up6. This silk dress ____ so smooth. It’s made in China.A. tastesB. smellsC. soundsD. feels7. My friend_____ me. I have to leave now.A. waits forB. waited forC. is waiting forD. was waiting for8. Mike didn’t get wet because his teacher ____ him an umbrella.A. lentB. discoveredC. borrowedD. taught9. ---Shush, be quiet! The baby _____in the next room.---OK, Sorry.A. sleepB. sleptC. sleepsD. is sleeping10.---Hi , Tony. The milk shake _____good!---I’m glad you like it.A. soundsB. fallsC. goesD. tastes11. He ___his bicycle when it began to rain.A. was ridingB. is ridingC. has riddenD. rides12. ---What does your sister like doing in her spare time?----She ___watching TV.A. likesB. likedC. has likedD. had liked13. ---What a nice model ship!----Thank you, It ___me three days to make it.A. paidB. spentC. tookD. wasted14. ---Can I help you?---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ____work.A. won’tB. didn’tC. doesn’tD. wouldn’t15.---Dinner is ready , Help yourself !---Wow! It ____delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it?A. tastesB. looksC. soundsD. feels16. The summer vacation will begin next week. David ___ to stay with us.A. will be comingB. comesC. cameD. is coming17. I____on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.A. drawB. drewC. was drawingD. am drawing18. ---Where is Frank now?---He ____his bike in the yard.A. fixes upB. fixing upC. is fixing upD. fixed19. He’ll send us a message as soon as he ___in Sichuan.A. is arrivingB. will arriveC. arrivedD. arrives20. The children ____ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.A. haveB. are havingC. hadD. were having21. ---Did you see a girl in white pass by just now?---No, sir .I ___a newspaper.A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading22. Again and again the doctor ___the crying girl, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her.A. looked overB. looked afterC. looked forD. looked out23. The teacher told the students that the earth ____round, not flat.A. wasB. isC. has beenD. is being24. He turned off the light and then ____the classroom.A. leavesB. will leaveC. is leavingD. left25. Coffee is ready .How nice it ___ ! Would you like some?A. looksB. smellsC. soundsD. feels26. Oh, the milk ____strange. Do you think it’s OK to drink?A. was tastedB. tastedC. is tastingD. tastes二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。