Hypertension is often symptom less, so screening is vital - before damage is done. Many surveys continue to show that hypertension remains under diagnosed, undertreated and poorly controlled in the UK
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
Cushing’s syndrome, Conn's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, Hyperparathyroidism Others
The risk associated with increasing blood pressure is continuous, with each 2 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure associated with a 7% increased risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and a 10% increased risk of mortality from stroke.
The clinical management of hypertension is one of the most common 22 interventions in primary care, accounting for approximately £1 billion in drug costs alone in 2006.
Hypertension, Introduction
In many countries, 50% of the population older than 60 years has hypertension. Overall, approximately 20% of the world’s adults are estimated to have hypertension.
UK, 1 in every 4th person has Hypertension and this increases to 1 in every second person aged over 60.
Types of hypertension
Essential hypertension (Primary) 90% No underlying cause
Hypertension-Overview
Hypertension itself-Introduction Types Classification Risk Factors Sequels Hypertension in special circumstances Management Follow Up Guidelines Referral to Secondary care
Hypertension, Introduction.
Diastolic pressure is more commonly elevatelic hypertension becomes a more significant problem.
Hypertension
Dr Zaka Haq, MBBS, MRCP Cardiology Registrar Queens Hospital Romford
Hypertension
Prevalence (UK) NICE Beta Blockers
Challenges Primary Care