2017年中招考试英语基础知识(语法系列)系统总结与练习：简单句的五种基本句型其考查重点为：1、简单句的反意疑问句 2.复合句的反意疑问句 3.祈使句的反意疑问句【考点】一、对疑问句的考查一___________do you usually fly kites?一In the park．[北京市]A Why B．How C When D．Where[答案]D。

[解析]考查疑问副词。

回答：“在公园”可知上句一定是“你通常在哪里放风筝?”park表地方，故选D。

1、---The blue jacket looks nice on you. _________is it?---It's 50 dollars. [吉林省]A. How manyB. How muchC. How longD. How often2、---________?---He is tall. [陕西省]A. How is heB. What does he likeC. What is heD. What does he look like3、–Sandy ,_________are you going for vacation?--To Hainan Island. I prefer lying on the beach. [太原市]A. whereB. whenC. what4、-- ________will your Dad be back from Dalian?--In a week, I think.[吉林省]A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far5、--______ are you talking about?-- The Olympic Games in Beijing.A. WhatB. WhomC. HowD. Where (杭州)一、对反意疑问句的考查【考例】The air is fresh outside. Let's go and take a walk, _________?[昆明市]A. will youB. shall weC. don't youD. aren't you[答案]B。

[解析] 这是一个let's引导的祈使句，表示建议，这样的句子在构成反意疑问句时，在句末加shall we，所以B项正确。

1、There is some water in that bottle, isn't ________?[兰州市]A. thereB. itC. that2、——Few well-known singers came to the concert，did they?一__________.Such as Andy Lau，Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang．[黄冈市]A．No，they didn't B．Yes，they did C No，they did D．Yes，they didn't二、对祈使句的考查祈使句是简单句中的一种类型，通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气，在口语中十分常用。

祈使句的用法是近几年来各类中考试卷中常考的热点。

现结合高考题，对几种考点作以归纳。

--_________kind girl Nancy is!--Yes, she is always ready to help others. [南京市]A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a[答案]B。

[解析]考查感叹句。

感叹句用how和what引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词和动词。

1.---It's reported that the 29th Olympic torch(奥运火炬)is going to travel to 135 cities around the world.---__ exciting the news is! And it will arrive at the opening ceremony (开幕式)on August 8th,2008. [哈尔滨市] A. What B. How C. What an2. ________tall the boy is! He can play volleyball very well[长沙市]A. HowB. What aC. What3. --I hear that an old couple are traveling around China by bike.--Oh, ___________ long way on their bicycles! They are so great. [河南省]A. what aB. howC. whatD. how a 4．一一____terrible weather it is!——The radio says that it'll get ____later in the day|[扬州市]A．What a；bad B What；worse C．HOW；bad D．How a：worse【语法回顾】简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

陈述句用以肯定或否定一件事情或看法的叙述性句子叫陈述句。

句末用句号，读时用降调。

1、陈述句肯定式的正常语序是主语位于谓语前。

例如：We'll meet again tomorrow .2、陈述句否定式的结构（1）在连系动词be，实义动词have，助动词或情态动词后加not，never......等否定词构成否定式。

例如：We mustn't waste any more time.当谓语动词是have“有”时，其否定式可以有两种：Students usually have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.学生们通常在星期一没有体育课。

Students don't usually have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.（2）在行为动词前加do （does，did）not（句中的行为动词应用原形）构成否定式。

例如：I didn't find Chinese easy at first.（3）句中若有no，none，little，not，nobody，nothing，neither，nor，never，hardly，scarcely 等否定意义的词，可构成陈述句的否定式，同时不能再用not。

例如：I had never seen such a good match before that day!Many of the country people could neither read nor write.（4）在have 作“有”解时的否定结构中，如用not 则在宾语前常有a （an），any，many，much等词；如用no，则不用这些词而应紧跟名词。

have 不作“有”解时，通常按行为动词构成否定式。

在美国英语中，have 总是按行为动词构成。

例如：They don't have any meeting in the afternoon.II. 疑问句用来提问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号。

疑问句主要有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1、一般疑问句1）一般疑问句的构成陈述句的谓语动词是动词be或have，构成一般疑问句时只须颠倒主语和动词的语序。

例如：She is a nurse. Is she a nurse?He has many friend. Has he many friends?/ Does he have many friends?陈述句的谓语部分是“助动词/ 情态动词+实义动词”构成一般疑问句时，只将助动词或情态动词移放在主语前面。

例如：The premier has been to our school. Has the premier been to our school?陈述句的谓语动词如果是一般实义动词，构成一般问句时，要用“Do / Does / Did +主语+动词原形”构成这一结构实际上只用于“现在一般时态和过去一般时态中谓语动词为实义动词”的情况。

例如：The students read English every morning. Do the students read English every morning? 2）一般疑问句的回答一般问句要用升调。

一般要求用Yes或No来回答；有时，也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词或相应的结构来回答，如：perhaps, certainly, of course, all right, I think so, surely; never, sorry, not yet, certainly not, not at all, I'm afraid not等。

例如："Do you want to study English?" " Yes, I do."若表示肯定“我想学”，也可以回答：Certainly.或Of course.意为“当然”。

当回答: No, I don't.“不，我不想学”时，还可以回答：Certainly not.（当然不想）或Not at all.（一点儿不想学）3）一般问句的否定形式一般问句也有否定形式，肯定回答时用“Yes, +肯定结构”；否定回答时，用“No，+否定结构”。

请注意这种语境中Yes和No与汉语的译义逻辑关系。

例如："Don't you want to stay with me? “Yes, I do.（“No, I don't.”）2、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以疑问代词(who, whom, what, which)、疑问形容词(which, what, whose)或疑问副词(when, where, how, why)开头。

特殊疑问句一般用降调。

1）特殊疑问句的构成如果疑问代词是问句的主语或以“疑问形容词+名词”为问句的主语，这个问句就用正常的陈述句语序。

例如：Who is your teacher?疑问句除作问句的主语或主语的定语以外，其余情况一律用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序。

例如：Whose is this shirt?(Whose shirt is this?)这衬衣是谁的？如果疑问词是介词的宾语这个特殊疑问句就可以有两种情况：To whom did you give the letter?3、选择疑问句选择疑问句是要求从所提出的两个或多个项目中选择一个答案。