The Requirements for this course • Class attendance • Active participation in the classroom discussions • Fulfillment of the assignments: (exercises & group project) • Examination
What does grammar mean?
Grammar is a mechanism which makes people speak and write in a meaningful way.
form grammar meaning
In this sense, grammar is something that associates Form and Meaning.
Grammatical Hierarchy
• Grammar is the structural system of a language. The grammar of the English language consists of five layers of structure:
sentence clause phrase word morpheme
Attention, please!
• According to the curriculum schedule, we are expected to finish this course within an academic term. It is apparent that we cannot cover every section of the book in the class hours. In this situation, we particularly encourage self-access learning on the part of students. Specifically, everyone needs to make sure that he/she should read through every single page of the course book and finish all the assignments.
What does grammar mean?
• Grammar is a set of rules that regulate people‟s speech and writing, esp. writing, to fit into a proper form.
• Language is a rule-governed system.
• 章振邦，2009，《新编英语语法教程》（第五版），上海 外语教育出版社。
• 张道真， 2004，《实用英语语法》， 外语教学和研究出 版社。 • 薄冰、何政安，2004，《新编英语语法》，世界知识出版 社。 • Quirk, R. et al, 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, London: Longman Group Ltd.
The Goals for this Course
• To get a comprehensive view of English grammar system and enhance our grammatical competence so that we may qualify as English majors; • To deepen our understandings about some basic grammatical notions and their applications, especially in the field of language teaching & learning; • To get some preliminary knowledge about the main streams of theory in grammar so as to prepare for the future research work.
Grammatical Hierarchy
• Sentence is the highest rank of grammatical unit while the morpheme is the minimum or lowest rank. A full sentence can generally be segmented rank by rank down to its smallest constituents---- the morphemes, e.g. Sentence
grammar
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How do we view linguistic facts?
Consider the following sentences: A: Who‟s knocking at the door? B: It‟s I/me. Ted sings better than I / me.
Who / whom are you waiting for?
Clause
NP Det N VP Aux Adv MV PP Prep Det N
These under-graduate-s are rapid-ly improv-ing in their writ-ing.
The Schedule
Weeks 1-8 9 10－16 Key Events Routine teaching & learning Mid-term exam Routine teaching & learning Revision & Final exam
Note: The schedule is subject to changes due to unexpected reasons.
• Note: To ease the difficulty in learning, it is strongly recommended that we memorize the grammatical jargons (terms) in English.
Reference course books
• According to Stephen D. Krashen‟s learning and acquisition hypothesis, • the learning of our mother-tongue is a natural, implicit, and unconscious process known as acquisition. • the learning of English is a planned, explicit, and conscious process known as learning.
金真木又—— /u/2101278245
Lecture 1 Introduction
Preliminaries:
• How many tenses are there in English? • Would you be surprised if someone tells you that English has only two tenses: present & past? that English sentences do not have attributive? • How would you account for the ungrammaticality of the following sentences? *His all books are on the desk. *My that dictionary was bought last year. • Would you call “can, may, should, must…” modal verbs or modal auxiliaries?
A Course of Practical English Grammar for Students of English
Cheng Zhenquan
School of Foreign Studies, SCNU
Contact info.
ilovegrammar
• Public mail: grammarcheng@ password: ??? • Contact me: • zhenquancheng@
• Note: Taking the formality of language into account, sometimes it‟s difficult to say whether a sentence is grammatical or not. As language learners, we should bear in mind that less formal or less standard sayings do not necessarily mean ungrammaticality. They are also acceptable in some social context. But we should give preference to the formal and standard forms.
The status of grammar in language system
Language system
Sound system Phonetics & phonology Form system Morphology & syntax Meaning system Semantics & pragmatics