（作出初次比较再扩展，以延伸作者的意图）
Metaphor
Laws…like cobwebs, where the small flies are
caught and the great break through. 法律……犹如蛛网，小的蚊蝇给网捕住，大的则 一冲而过。
Metaphor
Varieties of Metaphor--Extended metaphor 延喻--Types of extended metaphor
Contents
• Metaphor • Analogy • Metaphor & Analogy
Metaphor
• Metaphor
a way of describing something by
referring to it as something different
and suggesting that it has similar
means proportion.
vs.
Analogy
Essence Structure
A figure of speech; an implicit comparison
Rather than a figure of speech, more of a logical argument; a rather parallel relationship of two objects
qualities of that thing
Another definition: like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
game are what we call the laws of nature. (棋盘如世界，游戏规则如同自然法则.)
Metaphor
※ Idioms or phrases with Metaphor（1）
Teach a fish to swim 班门弄斧 Feather one’s nest 中饱私囊 Beard the lion in his den 虎口拔牙 Add insult to injury 雪上加霜 Cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴 Hold the candle to the devil 助纣为虐 Cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头，卖狗肉 Fish in the air 水中捞月
Analogy
• Analogy
analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things （two things not in one aspect）that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
• ①Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
• ②The man who cannot be trusted is to society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house.
PPT模板下载：/moban/
Metaphor & Analogy
(1) Reading is the food of the mind.
(2) Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
( 1 ) metaphor ( 2 ) analogy
…again out leapt the fifth flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.
1.[Verb] types:
Her eyes, pools of love, were rippling in tenderness. (她的双眼似爱的池塘，正泛着柔情蜜意的涟漪.)
2.[Noun] types
Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is
Metaphor sustained metaphor 博喻 extended metaphor 延喻
Metaphor
Varieties of Metaphor--Sustained metaphor 博喻
A comparison between two unlike things that continues through a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.
美不过是作不得准的浮影; 像耀眼的光彩, 很快就会销毁; 像一朵花刚开放随即凋零; 像晶莹的玻璃转眼就已破碎;
Varieties of Metaphor--Extended metaphor 延喻
Metaphor
According to the Longman Modern English Dictionary, the author use extended metaphor make an initial comparison and then develop it, expanding the idea.
Analogy
Analogy
• 4）If A were B, C would…D
• If society were a train the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.
• 3）(Just) as A…B, (so) C…D (or: …so C…D, just as A…B)
• ①（Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts.
• ② Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history.
• Analogy--- Patterns of analogy • 1）A is to B as C is to D • ① Food is to man as fuel is to engine. • ② Air is to man as water is to fish.
Analogy
• 2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B)
Concentrate on one point of resemblance
Draw a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance
Metaphor vs. Analogy
Metaphor
origin
Metaphor
Analogy
Originated from the Greek Came from the Greek
wordalogia, which
means to transfer.
4.[Preposition phrase ] types A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and
flagged me to stop. (一位警察招手, 要我从长蛇阵般的车流中出来， 并招
呼我停下.)
The stone shaped as a kitten with crystal eyes. (石头形如小猫，眼似水晶. )
Metaphor
• The properties of an effective metaphor： 1) freshness and originality （立意新颖） 2) aptness （恰当贴切） 3) consistency（协调一致）
• Varieties of Metaphor （变体）
……第五次闪电又发作了, 这闪电象蛇一样蜿蜒游动, 爆发出 魔鬼的嘶喊。电光象翠玉一祥碧绿, 回响震耳欲聋。
Metaphor
Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good, A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly; A flower that dies when first it begins to bud; A brittle glass that’s broken presently;
Text book P7：analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things.
like comparison, analogy shows similaries; not like comparison, analogy aims at what is common between two things of different classes.