复合句
一.名词性从句
名词从句是指在复合句中当名词使用的从句,它可 作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以也相应称为 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词从句主要由以下几种构成。
连词that引导的名词从句
连词that引导从句,并连接从句和主句。that在从句 中不作任何语法成分,从句作动词宾语或表语时,that 可以省略。从句作同位语时,that则不可省略。
连接副词：when, where, why, how
1 How we can maintain the ecological balance has been widely discussed in our community these days. 近来在我们社区,人们广泛讨论如何去维持生态平衡。 2 How we can lead a harmonious family life has become a hot topic these days. 如何过上和睦的家庭生活近来成了个热门话题。 3 Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments. 在哪里处理日益增多的垃圾对于许多政府而言是个头痛的事情。 4 This diagram depicts how plastic is recycled. 这个图展示了塑料是如何被循环使用的。
5 Research shows that people who have a history of heavy smoking are much more likely to get lung cancer than people who don't smoke. 有研究表明长期过量吸烟的人得肺癌的几率比不吸烟的人高得 多。 6 Байду номын сангаасhere is a growing consensus that it is not acceptable to test cosmetic products on animals. 越来越多的人达成共识：在动物身上测试化妆品是不可接受的。 7 Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use were legal. 毒品合法化的支持者认为如果吸食毒品变成合法的话,犯罪和 暴力将减少。 8 The main reason for this censorship stems from people's fears that children can view online inappropriate material like pornography . 支持新闻审查制度的主要理由源于人们担心小孩可能接触到一 些不适当的网络材料如色情内容。
9 The view that extinctions will give rise to ecological disaster is an exaggeration . 物种灭绝将导致生态灾难的观点纯属夸大之词。 10 It is generally held that environment exercises profound impacts on one's personality. 普遍认为环境对人的性格有深远的影响。 11 Environmentalists believe that biodiversity must be preserved at all costs and measures taken to ensure more species don't become extinct. 环境保护论者认为必须不惜一切代价保护生物多元化并采取措 施确保不会有更多的物种灭绝。 12 Many people believe it is not fair to limit freedom and to damage the atmosphere of free expression of ideas just for the safety of children. 许多人认为仅仅为了小孩的安全而限制自由和破坏自由表达思 想的氛围是不公平的.
If, whether, whether or not, whether ... or not 引导从句,常接在 know, wonder, doubt, care之后 。Whether 引导的名词从句可作 主语、动词宾语和介词宾语,而if从句却只 能作动词宾语,不能作主语或介词宾语。
1 I wonder if this practice can bear closer analysis 我不知这种做法是否经得起推敲。 2 Some doubt whether the legalization of abortion is justified . 有人对堕胎合法化是否有理有据表示怀疑。 3 There arises a controversial debate over whether the government should subsidize artists and musicians. 关于政府该不该资助艺术家和音乐家引发了一场激烈的争论。 4 Whether or not marijuana should be legalized has sparked a heated discussion 大麻该不该合法化引发了激烈的争论。 5 This debate is about whether we should experiment on animals for scientific and medical purposes. 这个辩论的话题是为了科学和医学,我们应不应该在动物身上 做实验。
1 Smokers contend that smoking relieves them of stress and relaxes and comforts them . 吸烟者认为吸烟能减轻压力、放松自己和感到舒适。 2 Personally, I firmly hold that smoking yields hazardous effects on our health . 我个人认为吸烟对我们的健康产生有害的影响。 3 The scientific evidence reveals that there is connection between secondhand smoke and cardiovascular diseases. 科学证据表明二手烟和心血管疾病之间有联系。 4 It is traditionally believed that schools are the safest place in children's lives, but are we all so sure that this is true anymore? 一直以来人们认为学校是孩子生活中最安全的地方,但是现在 我们还肯定情况依然如此吗?
16 Censorship ensures that corrupt value will not be spread. 新闻审查制度确保腐朽的价值观不会被传播。 17 Animal right activists, cruel claim that animal tests are inhumane and unnecessary. 动物权益保护者声称动物实验很残忍、不人道和没必要。 18 The assumption that computers will sooner or later replace human teachers cannot hold water . 认为电脑将取代老师的假设是站不住脚的。
6 Whether pets should be banned in big cities has triggered a heated discussion 关于大城市该不该禁养宠物引发了一场激烈的讨论。 7 Whether international tourism enhances mutual understanding between different peoples or increases tension between nations has become a very controversial issue . 国际旅游业是增进不同民族的相互理解还是激化国家之问的紧 张关系是个非常具有争议性的话题。 8 Whether people should be forced to retire at a certain age has become a public focus. 人们是否应该在某个年龄被强制退休成了个公众话题。 9 As to whether we should forbid smoking in public areas, people's views are divergent . 至于公共场所是否应该禁烟,人们的看法不一。
5 In this essay, I intend to explore why many young females commit crimes these years. 在本文,我将探讨近年来许多青年妇女犯罪的原因。 6 This diagram illustrates how a microwave stove works. 该图表描述了微波炉是怎么工作的。 7 There are many concrete examples of how animals are made to suffer in the context of sports and entertainment. 有许多具体的例子表明动物是如何在人类的运动和娱乐活动中 被折磨的。 8 How the nuclear waste can be properly disposed of is burning issue for scientists and politicians alike. 如何恰当地处置核废料对于科学家们和政治家们都是个迫切的 问题。