1. Define the following terms:international marketing P9International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, p rice, promote, and direct the flow of a company's goods and service to Consumer or users in more than one nation for a profit.国际营销必须国际营销是对业务活动的性能设计计划、价格、促进和引导公司的产品和服务对消费者或用户在多个国家来获利。
uncontrollable elements P10The elements of business environment which beyond the the control of companies.无法控制的元素P10商业环境的元素超出公司的控制。
SRC Self-Reference Criterion P14An unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decision.SRC自我参照标准三联书店无意识的参照自己的文化价值观、经验和知识为基础的决定。
Global Awareness P16Tolerance of cultural difference and knowledge of cultures, history, world market p otential, and global economic, social, and political trends.全球意识P16宽容的文化差异和知识文化,历史,世界市场潜力,和全球经济,社会和政治趋势。
BOPMs P48Bottom-of-the-pyramid market: A new concept introduced into the discussion of de veloping countries and markets. They are not defined by national borders but rather by the pockets of poverty across countries.BOPMs P48金字塔底层市场:一个新的概念引入到发展中国家和市场的讨论。
他们不是由国界而是各国贫困的口袋。
Sustainable development P68A joined approach among those (governments),businesses, environmentalists, and t he others) who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable d istribution of benefits and reduction of negative efforts on people and the environme nts from the process of economic grows"可持续发展P68其中加入方法(政府)、企业、环保主义者和其他人)寻求经济增长的“智慧资源管理、公平分配利益和减少负面的努力对人类和环境造成的经济增长”的过程4. Define the following termsculture P82Culture is the human-made part of human environment----the sum total of knowledg e, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. or P85 is the sum of the values, rituals,symbols, b eliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.文化P82文化是人类环境的人为部分——的总和的知识,信仰,艺术,道德,法律,习俗,和任何其他的能力和习惯被人类成员society.或P85值之和,仪式,符号,信仰,和思维过程,是由一群人学习和共享,然后从一代又一代传播。
culture value P92A culture's values are its ideas about what is good, right, fair, and just. See how cultu re values influnence various types of business and market behavior comes from semin al work by Geert Hofstede.文化价值的先驱文化的价值观是关于什么是好的,对的,公平,公正。
看到文化价值观是如何影响不同类型的业务和市场行为来自基尔特•霍夫斯泰德的工作。
culture sensitivity P98Being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objective ly, evaluated, and appreciated.文化敏感性P98是适应文化的细微差别,这样一种新的文化可以客观地看,评价,感谢。
factual knowledge P98A straightfoward fact about a culture but assumes additional significance when interp reted within the context of the culture.事实性知识P98乾脆事实关于文化但承担额外的上下文中解释的文化意义。
Interpretive knowledge P98The kind of knowledge most dependent on past experience for interpretation and mos t frequently prone to misintrepretation if one’s home country frame of reference (SRC) is used.解释知识P98的知识大部分依赖过去的经验解释和经常容易misintrepretation如果祖国的参照系(SRC)。
strategy of cultural congruence P102This strategy involvees marketting products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as congruent as possible with existing cultural norms, thereby minimizing re sisitance.文化同余P102的策略这一战略包括营销产品类似的产品已经在市场上尽可能一致的方式与现有的文化规范,从而减少抵触。
cultural imperatives P108Cultural imperatives are the business customs and expectations that must be met an d conformed to or avoid if relationship are to be successful.文化使命P108文化需求是必须满足的商业习惯和期望,符合或避免如果关系是成功的。
cultural electives P109cultural electives relates to areas of behaviour or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to conform to or participate in but that are not require文化选修课P109文化选修课相关领域的行为或海关文化外星人可能希望符合或参与但不需要cultural exclusives P109Cultural exclusives are those customs or behaviour patterns reserved exclusively fo r the locals and from which the foreigner is barred.文化的专有物P109文化独家报道那些海关或行为模式专用的当地人和外国人是禁止的。
silent language6. Defining the following termssovereignty P138A sovereignty state is independent and free from all external control; enjoys full le gal equality with other states; governs its own territory;select its own political, econ omic, and social systems; and has the power to enter into agreements with other nati ons主权P138一个主权国家是独立的,自由从所有外部控制;与其他国家享有充分的法律平等,支配自己的领土;选择自己的政治、经济、和社会制度;有权进入协议与其他国家Nationalism P142Nationalism can be best described as an intense feeling of national pride and unity, an awakening of a nation's people to pride in their country.民族主义P142民族主义可以最好被描述为一个强烈的民族自豪感和团结的感觉,一个国家人民的觉醒,民族自豪感。