一般现在时讲解和练习一、定义:一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。
例:(1).表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
(2).表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
(3).表示客观现实。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时常用时间状语、时间副词in the morning/afternoon/eveningevery week (day, year, month…)on Sundays (Monday, Tuesday…)at night, once a week,.always总是, usually通常, often经常, sometimes有时, never从不三、用法:1.肯定句:(1)句中有be(am,is,are)和情态动词时,①be动词时,主语是I时要用am,主语是you时要用are,其他用is。
②是情态动词时,后面的动词用原型③例:I am a student.You are very beautiful.She is my best friend.He can do his homework by himself.(2)没有be(am,is, are)动词和情态动词:主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的,动词要按规则加上s或es;主语是复数可数名词的肯定句,动词用原形。
例:①She(He, It )likes fish. 她(他,它)喜欢鱼。
(主语为第三人称单数)②The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。
(主语为单数可数名词)③Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在100度沸腾。
(主语为不可数名词)They go to school every day .他们每天都去上学。
(主语是复数可数名词的,动词用原形)注意的问题:第三人称单数以及第三人称单数时动词的变化规则在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下:1、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。
如:He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。
如:①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。
④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。
4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。
③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。
5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。
如:①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。
②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。
如:①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。
②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。
动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, make-makesruns gets likes collets takes plays climbs 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies方法与发音:1.一般情况下,直接加-seg. works,plays, rains, sees2.以sh, ch, s, x 或o 结尾的词后加–eseg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes3.以辅音字母加-y 结尾的,先把‘y’ 改成‘i’, 再加-eseg. studies, flies, carries注意: 动词加-s 以后的读音.动词加-s后的读音1.在[p] [t] [k] [f] 等清辅音后,发清辅音/s/eg. helps, works, likes, hates ,laughs2.在浊辅音和元音后,发浊辅音/z/eg. drives, cleans, plays3.在[s] [z] [∫ ] [tʃ] [dʒ]后,发/iz/rises, wishes, teaches, urges4.在[t] [d]后,发/ts/ /dz/eg. fits, sets, needs5. 其他情况下发[z]eg. plans, cries, shows练习1❖1.Jenny _____ in an office. Her parents _____in a hospital.❖ A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work❖2.One of the boys_______ a black hat.❖ A have B there is C there are D has❖3.Wang Mei ______ music and often ______ to music.❖ A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen❖ 4. Jenny______ English every evening.❖ A has study B studies C study D studied❖ 5. The teachers ________(speak) English in class.❖ 6. The teacher ________(speak) English in class.2. 否定句:(1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,I am not a teacher. He can not fly .(2) 句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句,在动词原形前加does + not (doesn’t)。
He doesn’t like cats.(3)句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的否定句,在动词原形前加do + not (don’t)。
They don’t go to school on Sundays.练习2❖ 1. The cat _________(not like) you.❖ 2.Brian (not live) in China.❖ 3.The picture ______ nice.❖ A. don’t look B. is looked❖ C. doesn’t look D. is looking❖ 4. I have many books.(改为否定句)_________________________❖ 5.厦门不下雪。
__________________________________________❖ 6.她不看新闻。
__________________________________________❖7.我妈妈不喜欢吃肉______________________________________3.疑问句:(1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。
由肯定句变为一般疑问句的步骤:①. 把be 动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)提前。
②.大写和小写的转换,句首的第一个字母要大写。
③.句末要加问号。
例:肯定句:She is a student . 疑问句:Is she a student ?肯定句: He can swim. 疑问句:Can he swim? .疑问句的回答:用什么问就用什么来回答。
Is she a student ? Yes, she is . No,she isn’t.Can you swim? Yes, I can . Yes, I can’t.(2) 句中如果没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的疑问句要用does 来提问。
即在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形例:—Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗?—Yes, he does. 是的,他喜欢(汉语)。
—Does a dog eat meat? 狗吃肉吗?—No, it doesn’t. 不,它不吃(肉)。
(3) 句中如果没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的疑问句要用do 来提问。