一、高中英语任务型阅读1．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you've probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you've heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin. What's the truth? Let's address the "it can make you sick" myth first. "________" says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It's true that you're much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.________ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there's no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ________ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don't—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. "Generally, it's thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet," says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), "________"It's also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.B. In some cases, wet hair may actually be a helpful sleep aid.C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.D. There may be some mild risks associated with going to bed with wet hair.E. Another wet-hair rumor (谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and wet will cause you to come down with a cold.【答案】 F；E；A；C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们普遍认为湿着头发睡觉不利于健康，但是毫无科学依据，但湿头发睡觉对头发有不利影响。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved.”可知，尽管这个观点仍然存在，但是很久之前就被证明是错误的，F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and wet will cause you to come down with a cold.“这个观点似乎和旧的观念相融合，这一观念认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒”，承接下文，切题，故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says.”可知，致病病菌不会自然出现，因此，不用因为打湿了一点枕头就觉得会感冒，E. Another wet-hair rumor(谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.“关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头”，后文对这个观点进行了反驳，切题，故选E。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Gupta says there's no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms”可知，没有证据表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状，A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.“因此，任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的”，没有实际意义，开启下文，切题，故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Generally, it's thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet”可知，一般说来，湿头发睡觉对头发不好，C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.“长时间这样的话，头发容易断，无光泽”，承接上文，切题，故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．任务型阅读Observational Learning: To See Is to KnowA group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were "fashionable," and how to interact with instructors.With modeling, you observe others' behaviors, and then none, some, or all of these behaviors may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura's classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn't see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readilyimitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.impacts；aggressive / violent / rude；likely；similar；teaching / education / instruction；desired / expected / target；Seeking【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍什么是观察学习，观察学习的应用，怎么将观察学习用于教学。