William Shake Shakespeare?
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艾汶河上斯特拉斯福：莎翁故居及塑像
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莎翁部分作品：Some Works
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Poems
• Poems: • I narrative: ballad, epic • II dramatic: dramatic monologue • III lyric (dealing with emotions, feelings): sonnet, ode,
The latter Shakespearean sonnets are addressed to a 'dark lady' of ill repute
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Reading Structure to Theme
• Structure: the form of a work. • Theme: the subject of a work. • A good use of structure in a small literary form like a
sonnet can enhance or emphasize the progress of the theme. • When reading Shakespeare’ s sonnets, relate structure to theme. • Shakespeare builds on or varies his theme – his main concern – from quatrain to quatrain, using the couplet to deliver a dramatic concluding statement.
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End Rhyme
• Rhyme (rime ): the correspondence of two or more words with similar-sounding final syllables placed so as to echo one another.
• masculine rhyme, in which two words end with the same vowel– consonant combination. wife life
有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落， 被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；
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Quatrain 2:
• Sometimes the sun of summer is too hot, and at other times the summer sun’s golden face will be dimmed by clouds. Every fair in nature becomes less and less with time passing by. The chance accidents, good or ill, or the changing process of nature will strip of its beauty.
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• Quatrain 2: The sun is sometimes too hot in summer or occasionally shaded. Every beautiful thing becomes less beautiful through chance or time.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed:
• Quatrain 3 E But thy eternal summer shall not FADE, F Nor lose possession of that fair thou OWEST;. E Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his SHADE, F When in eternal lines to time thou GROWEST:.
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An iamb is a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable U
followed by an accented syllable / (i.e. A “soft” beat followed by a “loud” beat).
After third person in present tense: (e) th hath
Omitting of syllables
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Shakespeare’s sonnets
William Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets.
the first 126 Shakespearean sonnets to a handsome young man
• Quatrain 2 C Sometime too hot the eye of heaven SHINES,. D And often is his gold complexion DIMM'D;. C And every fair from fair sometime deCLINES, D By chance or nature's changing course unTRIMM'D;.
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Rhyme Scheme of Sonnet 18
• Quatrain 1 A Shall I compare thee to a summer's DAY? B Thou art more lovely and more temperATE: A Rough winds do shake the darling buds of MAY,, B And summer's lease hath all too short a DATE:
• Eye rhyme syllables are identical in spelling
but are pronounced differently (cough / plough)
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meter
Iambic pentameter consists of
• five measures, units, or meters, of • iambs
• The rhyme scheme is as follows: First stanza (quatrain): ABAB; Second stanza (quatrain): CDCD; Third stanza (quatrain): EFEF; Couplet: GG.
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Early Modern English Grammar
U/ a gain
U /U/ im mor tal ize
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Iambic pentameter
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U /U / U / U / U / • One day I wrote her name u pon the strand,
U / U / U / U/U / • But came the waves and wash ed it a way:
能不能让我来把你比作夏日？ 你可是更加可爱，更加温婉； 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿， 夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：
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Paraphrasing:
• Quatrain 1: Shall I compare you to a day in summer that is very beautiful here in England? Yet this comparison is not sufficient, because you are more beautiful and less extreme than the summer. The winds of summer are rough on the budding life, and the duration of summer usually does not last very long.
OE 449—1150 ME 1150--- 1500 EME 1500---1700 ME 1700--
Grammar: Thee
you as an object
Thou( pl. ye) you as a subject thou art
Thy ( thine) your possessive form of thou
• Couplet G So long as men can breathe or eyes can SEE, G So long lives this and this gives life to THEE.
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• Quatrain 1: Extravagant praise compares a summer day as less lovely and constant as the beloved.
pastoral , elegy
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A sonnet is
• a lyric poem • consisting of fourteen lines • written in iambic pentameter • with a definite rime scheme • and a definite thought structure