New Developments inActivated CarbonsJan van den DikkenbergNorit Activated CarbonThe topics•What is Activated Carbon?•New Developments in Activated Carbons(AC)–Catalytic GAC in water treatment–Anaerobic groundwater treatment–WFD, municipal wastewater–WFD, 1-STEP ©filter–Water reuseWhat is Activated Carbon ?Highly porous carbonaceous adsorbentHigh surface area1 teaspoon of carbon (5 g) hasthe same surface area asa football field (≈1000 m²/g)Raw Materials Used for Norit Activated CarbonsLignitePeatCoalCoconut shellsWoodOlive stonesParticle sizes and shapesPowdered (PAC)D50: 10-50 µmDifferentfiltration rates Granular(GAC)Broken0.25-5 mm(4-50 mesh)Granular(GAC)ExtrudedDiameter0.8-4 mmMicro pores< 1 nmMeso pores1-25 nmMacro pores> 25 nmAdsorption procesDriving force•Target compounds: hydrophobic, dissolved organics, typically not or poorly biodegradable•Examples: (halogenated) aromatics, chlorinated solvents, dissolved oil, PAH, non-biodegradable COD, AOX, colour, DOC•Concentration level: relatively low (polishing)The position of AC in water treatment ApplicationsxAquarium water xPoint of Use water x x Pool water x x Waste water xUltra-Pure water xSteam condensate xBeverage Industry x x Potable water PACGACNew DevelopmentsClick here and type text•First level•First level–Second level–Second levelCatalytic GAC in water treatmentClick•First level•First level–Courtesy PWNCatalytic GAC in water treatment Process outlineHeemskerkPre-treatment Surface water H2O2/UVCatalytic GACNorit ROW 2 CATInfiltrationAnaerobic groundwater treatment–Courtesy Van Der Hoeven KliniekAnaerobic groundwater treatment Process outlineUtrechtAnaerobic extractionSolvents adsorptionNRS CARBON EA 0.5-1.5AnaerobicinfiltrationWFDWFDThe role of AC?•Natural and synthetic hormones•Detergents (Alkyl phenols)•Plasticizers (Phthalates)•PAH•Pesticides and herbicides•Medicine residualsThe Swindon ProjectIntroduction•Demonstration project for advanced wastewater treatment •GAC filters in operation since Feb 2008•Once exhausted the carbon is due for reactivation at our Purton thermal reactivation plantProcess Outline SwindonPost-clarificationCarbon adsorptionNorit GAC 830 TWSDischargeinto river RayActive sludgePre-clarificationThe Swindon ProjectMain compounds monitored •Oestrone(E1)•17β-Oestradiol(E2)•17α-Ethinyloestradiol(EE2)•Treatment objective–E1/3 +E2/1 + EE2/0.1 < 1 ng/l(E2eq.)The Swindon ProjectIndicative GAC influent•E2eq. 1-10 ng/l•COD 20 mg/l•NO3¯40-60 mg/l•Tot P 0.05-0.15 mg/lThe Swindon Project Construction ofthe adsorbersCarbon fillingFull scaleThe Swindon ProjectFull scaleACT Lab PerformanceCarbon performance00.511.522.550001000015000Bedvolumes (n)C o m p u n d l e v e l (µg /l )Influent level 17α-Ethynil Estradiol AtrazineWFD, 1-STEP ©filterAll in one filterEnhanced coagulationOne -filter conceptBiologyAdsorptionWFD, 1-STEP ©filter Process outlineHorstermeerWWTW effluent 1-STEP ©Dischargeinto environmentWFD, 1-STEP ©filterOne Step Total Effluent Polishing = 1-STEP ©•Elimination in one filter of–Nitrogen and Phosphorus–Suspended solids–Organic micro-pollutants–Heavy metals•3 treatment concepts in one filter–Enhanced coagulation, flocculation and filtration–Biological activity–Adsorption on GACWFD, 1-STEP ©filterEffl.Washwater outBackwash in (filtrate)CoagulantC-sourceNTUNO3-NPO4-PNTUNO3-N PO4-PP-totbufferbufferWFD, 1-STEP ©filterPilot UnitWFD, 1-STEP ©filterPhosphorus removal•First level•First level–Second level–Second levelWFD, 1-STEP ©filterNitrate removal•First level•First level–Second level–Second levelWFD, 1-STEP ©filterRemoval of medicine residuals•First level•First level–Second level–Second levelWFD, 1-STEP ©filterProcess outlineWWTW effluent 1-STEP ©Dischargeinto environmentRe-useoptionsWFDSummary of developments and research needs;•Full scale applications and practical experience from pilotstudies•New technology developments;–Combination of PAC and MBR technology–Multi-functional GAC filtration•Modeling of adsorption behavior–Including isotherm databaseRe-use of municipal waste water Process outlineEmmen/SchoonebeekWWTW effluentBACF UF2 stage RO EDIHeat/Power Co-generationBACFGAC surface colonization •First level•First level–Second level–Second levelRe-use of municipal waste waterClick here and type text•First level•First level–Courtesy NieuWaterSummaryNorit Activated Carbon•The multi-purpose adsorbent•Many new developments in water applicationsNo doubts. Norit. Just proof.。