5、补语 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
（名词）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
6、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
Seeing is believing.
（动名词）
To see is to believe.
（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正
（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.
（介词）
The boys playing football are in Class 2.
（现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
例如：Time flies. 1）S + V + 副词（状语）
例如：Birds sing beautifully. 2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语）
例如：He went on holiday. 3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语）
例如：We stopped to have a rest. 4）S + Vi + 分词（状语）
例如：I'll go swimming.
2、S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）——→主谓宾结构 例如：We like English. 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词
等。
例如：I like music. 2）S + Vt + 不定式
例如：I want to help him. [说明] 常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want,
动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem 等。②表转变变化的动词， become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 ③表延续的动词 keep, seem 等。④表 瞬时的动词 come, fall 等。 批注：系表结构一直是中考的重点，我们首先来看看什么是系动词。理解的小方法：看不 到动作的动词。比如说：He has become a teacher. 你能看到动作吗？
句子成分
一、句子成分的概念 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，补语，定
语，状语，同位语等。
二、句子成分的组成 1、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.
（名词） He likes dancing.
（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
3）S + Vt + 疑问词 + 不定式 例如：I don't know what to do.
[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, find out, forget, know 等。 4）S + Vt + 动名词 例如：I enjoy living here.
[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有： advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practice 等。 5）S + Vt + 宾语从句 例如：I don't think (that) he is right.
I have an idea to do it well.
（不定式）
You should do everything that I do.
（定语从句）
批注：需要重点记住定语可以由形容词、非谓语动词和从句来充当，为以后学习非谓语动 词和定语从句做铺垫。
7、状语：用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条 件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well. 批注：需要重点记住副词、介宾短语、从句和非谓语动词中的现在分词、过去分词和不定 式可以充当状语，一共分为 9 中状语。
以。
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come.
（表语从句）
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting
room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
We study English.
He is asleep.
批注：只有动词和动词词组才可以充当谓语。这里有一点需要跟学生强调：谓语必须能够
体现出句子的时态，如果不能，比如 doing，就不可以充当谓语。
3、表语（predicative）： 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）
[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有： hope, know, notice, think, wonder 等。
【难点】 3、S (主）+ V（谓语）( 系动词）+ P（表语）——→主系表结构
例如：We are Chinese. [说明] Ⅰ.除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，①表感官的
Now I feel tired.
批注： 高中阶段不会专门考系动词后加形容词的用法。需要跟学生明确：系动词不是及 物动词，因此用于被动语态中，尤其是 remain 和 prove 这样的词，翻译和单选都会涉及到， 提醒学生不要选择被动形式。
4、1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词）
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
批注：在学习英语单词的时候，哪些词是能够接双宾语的词，需要重点提出，比如 award， present，offer 等，含有这些词的句子改为被动句时有两种变法。
8、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或 其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
批注：非谓语动词和介词短语作宾补的用法是高考的重点。
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
批注：含有宾补的句子转换成被动句时，原来宾补的成分就成了主补，相比宾补的用法， 主补考得比较少。有些不定式在转换成被动语态时需要还原。（make 及含有感官动词的短 语）