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初中英语知识点大全.docx

初中英语知识点总结大全英语知识点是英语学习中一个重要的组成部分 , 下面是我为大家带来的初中英语知识点总结,相信对你会有帮助的。

初中英语知识点总结:被动语态初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。

其中被动语态是初中英语学习的重点和难点。

下面为大家讲解一下初中英语被动语态特点和用法。

一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由be+过去分词构成, be 随时态的变化而变化。

以 do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1)am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch theexhibits.2) has /have been done现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have beencompleted, and we're ready to start.3) am/is /are being done现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here.4) was/were done一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if thefactory closes.8) should/would be done过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldier'smother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)例 The project will have been completed beforeJuly.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。

例 The baby should be taken good care of bythe baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例 His mother gave him a present for hisbirthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother forhis birthday.3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.以及感官动词等后面不定式作宾语 补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to 。

例 Someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into thebuilding.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词 +介词”,“动词 +副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。

其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 态和完成时态 )形式及不定式。

to do也有被动语态( 一般时二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

4) 在使役动词 have, make, get watch, notice, hear, feel, observe1.者不知道作的行者或不必出作的行者 ( 可省 by 短 ) 。

例 My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被的作突出作的行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether Ishould accept the offer.3.了更好地安排句子。

例 The well-known person got on the bus andwas immediately recognized by people. (一个主就了)三、 It is said that+从句及其他似句型一些表示“据”或“相信”的如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“ It +be+去分 +that 从句”或“主 +be+去分 +to do sth. ”。

有:It is said that⋯据,It is reported that道, It is believed that⋯大家相信,It is hoped that ⋯大家希望, It is well known that⋯众所周知,⋯据It isthought that⋯大家,It is suggested that⋯据建。

例 It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. (=The boy is said to have passedthe national exam. )四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如break , catch , clean ,drive ,lock , open, sell , read ,write , wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义 , 主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较: The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, comeabout, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Your reason sounds reasonable五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

2.形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式 ; 而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The picture-book is well worthreading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)3.不定式在名后面作定,不定式和名之有关系,又和句中另一名或代构成主关系 , 不定式的主形式表示被含。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是关系,与I 是主关系。

)比: I ’ll go to the post office. Do youhave a letter to be posted? (此用不定式的被作定表明 you 不是 post 作的行者。

)4.在某些“形容 +不定式”做表或足的构中,句子的主或又是不定式的,常用不定式的主形式表达被意。

些形容有nice ,easy , fit , hard , difficult , important ,impossible , pleasant ,interesting 等。

例 This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作 to work out省略了for me).5.在 too ⋯ to ⋯构中,不定式前面可加主,所以用主形式表示被意。

例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6.在there be⋯句型中,当不定式修名作定,不定式用主式作定,重点在人,用被形式作定,重点在物。

lose例可看成There is no time to lose(to be lost).(for us to lose;用to be lost,用lost timeto不明确。

)7.在 be to do 构中的一些不定式通常用主表主 , 被表被。

然而 , 由于古英的影响 , 下列rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主形式表示被意。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?初中英知点:句型构初中英法中,有很多特殊句型构,牢些句型构,以后再运用上就可以得心手。

下面是初中英重点句型构,希望能帮助到大家。

look at ( jump.1 、 see, hear ,notice ,find , feel , listen to感官 )+ do eg: I like watching monkeys,2 ( 比 and比)表示越来越⋯⋯3 a piece of cake =easyplace of interest名小菜一碟(容易):a4 agree with sb.成某人5 all kinds of各种各 a kind of一种/6 all over the world = the whole world整个世界7 along with同⋯⋯一道,伴随⋯⋯eg : I willgo along with you我将和你一起去The students plantedtrees along with their teachers.学生同老一起种。

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