2 Management
“Management” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1. Management In China 2. Management in the United States 3. Management in Germany 4. Management in Japan 5. Management in France 6. Management in Mexico and Latin
2.3 Management in Germany
• The manager is not a cultural hero.
• In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.
• Apprenticeship （学徒） system
2.2 Management in the United States
• In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero. • the definition of manager by Hofstede • dominant managerial values：
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers
Classroom Participation
America
2.1 Management in China
• Chinese business values emphasize kinship(血缘关系）, interpersonal connections, respect for elders, and hierarchy.
• “the Iron Rice Bowl” • “guanxi”
TEXT A Communication and Context
Communication is influenced by external environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context.
★ Communication is rule governed
People expect culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions.
The rules differ depending on the context, cover both verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and determine not only what should be said but how it should be said.
Three basic assumptions about human communication: ➢ Communication is rule governed ➢ Contexts specify the appropriate rules ➢ Rules are cultural diverse
2. What suggestions can you give to Karen about how to teach Chinese students well?
3. What kind of cultural phenomenon can be reflected in the case above?
Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules.
Different cultures, different rules.
Concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures.
achievement and success belief in hard work pragmatism（实用主义） optimism, Puritanism（清教徒主义） rationality（合理性） impersonality in interpersonal work relationships（客观冷 静） equality of opportunity acceptance of competition individualism
• Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
• Management • Business Etiquette Norms
PRE-TASK:
COMPARE THESE 2 OPINIONS ABOUT MANAGERS
“Managers should be
2.5 Management in France
• Managers act in very superior roles.
1 Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
Business negotiation is intertwined紧密相连 with cultural
exchange. This really is due to globalization, which is a result of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.
Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts
Section One
Idioms
Live together like brothers and do business like strangers.
—Arab Proverb
Learning objectives :
Turn Taking
Culture's Influence
Family
and
Gender Roles
Conversational Structures and Language
Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?
1. Do you often behave the same way in class as the students in the case? Why?
• value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual decision making共同决策.”
Three Assumptions about
Communication
Communication is rule governed
Contexts specify the
appropriate rules
Rules are culturally diverse
TEXT B The Business Context
In this chapter, students will learn how to: • perceive the relationship between context and
communication. • Describe different views towards various
contexts in different cultures. • Understand the management concept and
An employment interview “sir” “madam” suits shake hands
a basketball game “Tom”
jeans or shorts & T-shirts hug one’s friends, slap them on the back
★ Contexts specify the appropriate rules
conversational structures of health care context.
Chapter Outline
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Communication and Context
The Busiucational Context
• Strong sense of profession and pride in work, a tendency toward an authoritarian leadership style
2.4 Management in Japan
• the Japanese do not share a strong sense of management.