2014学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2015.1 I、听力（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySectionADirections：After reading the passages below，fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Residents of southern California are trying to get used to skyrocketing prices for gasoline. The average price for 87 octane（辛烷）economy gas is $2.22, almost 30 percent higher today than it was 12 months ago. The(25) (low) gas price in the Southland right now is $2.09 a gallon at the Seashell station in Arcadia. The station manager, Everett, said the reason his gas is cheaper than elsewhere is (26) he bought a lot of gas two years ago at(27) (reduce) prices, so he is passing his savings on to his customers.The lines at the Seashell station often run 10 to 20 vehicles long. The police have been here several times (28) cars blo ck traffic on Horsetrail Drive. Everett said, “I tell people in line that the Barco station a block away is only $2.14, (29) they’d rather wait and save 5 cents. It’s OK with me, of course. I don’t mind (30)(make) money.”A young man pump ing gas was said(31) (wait) in line for 20 minutes. When asked why he didn’t go a block away where there were no lines, he said, “Every penny counts. When I bought this ’99 Bummer, gas was only $1 a gallon, which was pretty cheap. So, (32) I only get eigh t miles per gallon, I wasn’t paying that much to fill my tank. But today’s prices are killing me. I drive to work, and I drive to the grocery store. That’s it. I used to drive around the neighborhood just to show off my wheels, but I(33) never do that any more.”(B)People joke that no one in Los Angeles reads; everyone watches TV, rents videos, or goes to the movies. The most popular reading material is comic book s, movie magazines, and TV guides. City libraries have only 10 percent of the traffic (34) car washes have. But how do you ex-plain this? An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is" sold out year after year. People wait half an hour for a parking space to become available.This outdoor festival, sponsor ed by(35) newspaper, occurs every April for one weekend. This year's attendance (36) (estimate)at 70,000 on Saturday and 75,000 on Sunday. (34)The festival feature d 280 exhibitors. There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an audience question-and-answer period(37) (follow) each talk. Autograph seekers (38) (seek)out more than 150 authors. A food court sold all kinds of popular and ethnic foods, from American hamburgers to Hawaiian shave ice drinks. (39) a $ 7 parking fee, the festival was free. Even so, some people avoided the food court prices by sneak ing in their own sandwiches and drinks.People came from all over California. One couple drove down from San Francisco. “This is their sixth year here now. We love it.” said the husband. “It is just fantastic to be in the great outdoors, to be among so many books and authors, and to get some very good deals, too.”The idea for the festival occurred years ago, but nobody knew if it(40) . Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities, would Los Angeles residents embrace one? One of the festival founders said that it all depends as angelinos are very unpredictable.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Echa word can be only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A .observer sB .customs C. isolated D. occasionally E. reject ed F. intentionallyG. preferring H. although I. distinctive J .hook s K. otherPrimarily a farming community, the Amish was attracted to the fertile farmlands in the eastern United States. The largest concentration of Amish today is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and(41) important groups are in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada.The Amish are best known for their simple way of life. They are easily recognized by their (42) Clothing. The men wear wide-brim med black hats, collarless black coats, and black trousers. These homemade clothes are fasten ed with (43) and eyes instead of with buttons or zipper s. Those who are strict (44) of Amish customs do not wear neckties or belts. In fact, anything which is considered to be a part of modern, worldly life is (45) .the men have beards but ni mustache s. Their long hair is parted in the middle and drawn back over their ears.The women’s clothing is black, (46)they wear white prayer caps. They wear hats and long, high-necked dresses, long black coats, and black shoes and stockings. They wear their hair parted in the middle and tied behind in a bun. An Amish woman wears no jewelry of any kind.The Amish have (47) separated themselves from the modern technological world. They prefer to live according to the (48) of their 17th century European ancestors. Often called the Plain People, the Amish live in simple homes without mirrors, pictures, curtains and carpets. Somehow they manage to get along without radios, telephones, and electric lights. They do not own cars, (49) to travel by horse. The Amish are excellent farmers, yet they refused to buy tractors or other modern farm machinery. They work the land with horse-drawn plows.Because the Amish are largely self-sufficient and fairly (50) from other communities, they have resisted social change.III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a,b,c and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly (51) to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures (52) +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade (摄氏). There is no air, and no water.Today there are (53) scientific speculation (思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not (54) . But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary (55) . These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and systems necessary to(56) life brought by the colonizers themselves. Finally, colonies that are ecologically and (57) self-supporting will be established.The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay (58) . They will have to bulid shelters to (59) an atmosphere like that of earth. They will have to plant crops under huge dome s to produce food and (60) and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveries important to science.The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it (61) for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold, are an(62) . Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon.The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one, Geologists can explore the history and composition of the(63) . Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system, Astronomers(天文学家) can use their optical telescopes and radio telescopes(64) of atmospheric and man-made distortion s. And perhaps at some distant date the moon can serve as a base from which space explorers can travel to other planets in the earth’s solar system and to worlds(65).51. A superior B.essential C.equal D.fertileSection B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several quesitons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony . No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its distinction and superiority to the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World mode s and New World possibilities. As American , the writer has distribute d Europe; as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European Counterpart .In the nineteenth century some immigrants came in order to avoid military service in their homeland. But even so, the snowballing process had for most Americans a deep, almost legendary significance.In the legends, Europe was associated with the Past, with British red-coats at Concord, absentee landlords(不在的地主)，dynastic pride, hunger, poverty, oppression . America, by contrast, was the future: plenty, prosperity , freedom. For much of its history America has been a busy, restless land, more interested in innovation than in conservation (保守). Its people have been highly optimistic, setting great store by the ability of the individual to overcome obstacles. The individual has had a right to expect success. Optimism and pessimism mix unusuallyin American writing;Mark Twain is an obvious example. Or, the individual tends to set himself up in a dramatic relationship to society.Yet although American literature has revealed certain fairly permanent trends, it has not been a still affair. Its tone has changed from decade to decade.66. What does the underlined phrase “the parent cultures” refer to?A. Culture of parentsB. Culture of EuropeC. Culture of BritainD. Culture of America67. What is the America n writer’s attitude towards Europe?A. He hates Europe for its conversation, poverty and permission.B. He has no trust in Europe and is also jealous of its riches.C. He envies that all the Europeans are much richer.D. He believes that America is looked down upon.68. What is the main characteristic of the American writing?A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade.69. The main idea of this passage is about _____.A. a double consciousness in American literature.52. A range B.restore C.sort D.rise53. A sociable B. inevitable C.mysterious D.considerable 54.A determined B.occupied C.initiated D. resembled 55.A monuments B.shelters C.rockets D..houses 56.A sacrifice B.support C.spare D.risk 57.A economically B.sociably C.imaginarily D.enthusiastically 58.A.active B.attractive C.alive D.ambitious 59.A.mention B.motivate C.maintain D.monitor 60.A.mineral B.oxygen C. protein D.medicine 61.A.ideal plicated C .difficult D.expensive 62.A.explanation B.excursion C. executive D.example 63.A.earth B.star C.satellite D.planet 64.A.full B.conscious ck D.free 65.A.beyondB.highly C .else D.aheadB. the European culture’s contribution to America literature.C. optimism and pessimism in America writingD. Americans can always overcome obstacles.（B）As rules, laws are people’s rights and responsibilities toward society. Laws are agreed on by society and made official by governments.Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many thing s they would like to do. Though laws may prvent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyone’s life safer and more pleasant. Without laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores in which we buy food, clothes, and other necessiti es could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places to keep our money.Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws that should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a citizen will not fear or hate the law. Understanding the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government.Philosophers once believed that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do as they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders had to create laws to protect life and property.This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Manners, customs and beliefs controlled the living habits and behavior of the group. Such rules and habits of life are called folkway s.Folkways are probably the real meaning of human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. And as life grew more and more complicated with faster transportation and the rise of modern industry and big cities, more human acts and interests had to be ruled by law. This led to a great increase in the number of laws.But we know that unless laws are enforce d, they cannot protect us. Poorly enforced laws invite crime and violence. So we agree that the best protection against crime is planned social change and law reform -- to reduce the causes of crime and to encourage people to obey the laws. Such a solution would join a sound system of law enforcement with forces working to prevent crime. To attain this goal, all citizens must understand the need for good laws and for their enforcement.70. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance, because_____.A. laws and rules are too complicated to understandB. they can’t do whatever they want toC. laws only protect those who worked out themD. they feel it unnecessary to have laws71. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?A.Without laws we may fail to hold on to our propertyB.Good citizens and government should be aware of the need for good laws and the evilresults of breaking lawsC. In prehistoric time people lived happily without laws in a “state of nature”.D. Human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education, are believed to originate fromFolkways.72.A sound system of law enforcement is necessary because_____.A. some citizens fear or hate the law.B. the evil results of breaking laws are getting fewer and fewer .C. we need someone stronger to stop crime by force.D. poorly enforced laws cause crime and violence.73.What is the main characteristic of the American writing?A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade.74. What’s the best title of this passage?A. The Origin of LawsB. Enforcement of LawsC. Leaders and LawsD. Laws and rules.(C)The contention that the spirit of adventure no longer has any scope for its enterprise s seems, at first glance, depressingly true. The highest mountains have been scale d; the deepest seas plumb ed. Maps today no longer contain huge blanks marked “Unknown Territory”, more do they make random guesses at the shapes of distant land-masses. All major journeys of exploration to determine the true shape and nature of he globe have been made in the past. It was left to us to fill in the details with expedition s which once would have been considered impossible. The gaps have been filled. What next?The obvious answer, of course, is that now looking upwards into space. Discoveries are being made at such a tremendous rate that even authors of science-fiction are finding it difficult to keep up with them and have to tax their imagination to invent bigger and better space-craft. Satellites sending signals as they swing round our globe have become commonplace. Astronauts have successfully landed on the moon and its entire surface has been photographed. The information that satellites may provide fueling station s for manned rocket s into outer space in the hope of receiving an answer, or that radio-telescopes should “listen into” the skies for possible signals from other worlds, he would have been regarded as either irresponsible or mad. Now, anything seems feasible.From dream like these, we return to earth with a bump. Trips into space are all very well, but they are not for us: we must content with our own, much-traveled world. The earth itself is the training-ground for adventurous spirits. For “adventure” need not mean the seeking out of something new. A person can be called adventuro us when he finds out something for himself; and it does not matter how many times the discovery has been made before. No one would say that men who set out now to cross the forbidding Antarctic are less enterprising than their predecessor s who tried to do the same thing. The little boy who climbs the small hill that overlooks his own, or even he who tries to climb and fails, has precisely the same spirit taht led Hillary to climb Everest. For the bold spirit and inquiring mind, there are inexhaustible possibilities. So long as there are people willing to rediscover places that are well-known, there will be those who will, one day, set foot on remote and trackless shores.74.What does the underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refer to?A. The highest mountainsB. The deepest seas.C. MapsD. Land-masses.75.What can man do now since there was no “Unknown Territory” on earth.A. Fill the gaps in the details with expeditions.B. Explore space.C. Look upwards into space.D. Determine the true shape of the globe.76.Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. The space-crafts that the writers of science fiction have invented are exactly the same size as our modern ones.B. Years ago, a scientist who had expected to receive an answer from the satellites we sent into outer space would be regarded as an mad person.C. Men who set out now to cross the forbidding Antarctic are less enterprising than their predecessors who did the same thing.D. It’s quite common to fin d satellites sending signals to the earth as they swing around.77.According to the writer, how can man cultivate “adventurous spirits”?A. By making trips to outer space.B. By inventing bigger and better spacecraft.C. By seeking out something new.D. By finding something out for himself.Section CDirection：Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewedpersonal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people whohave measurable results to show for their efforts．By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have , their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journeynever really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for ourability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open tounfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge?Then we arelikely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We becometrapped inside a shell of our own making．78.Based on the two basic ways to view growth mentioned in the passage,“Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.”can be regarded as______________________________.79.The process of growth refers to___________________________________,when people come across new experiences and obstacles.80.If someone is keen on learning anything new,he is likely to____________________________.81.________________________________________or too much self-protection may prevent us growing.(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)第二卷（共47分）I.TranslationDirection：Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.有六十多个社会团体将参与本次艺术节，这听起来太棒了。