1. strugglevi. 努力, 奋斗, 同...斗争1) I was struggling _______ the accounts.2) The young writers have to struggle __________ recognition.3) We must struggle ___________difficulties bravely.4) He struggled to control his temper.挣扎, 奋力前进It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they struggled so much.struggle one’s way struggle______ his feet n. struggle adj____________2. expand vi /vt1)The water froze inside the pipe, causing it to expand and burst.2) Britain’s universities expanded at a surprising rate at the end of the 20th century.3) We expanded the business by opening more chain stores.4)The eagle expanded its wings and flew into the sky.Despite the economic crisis, the company is confident of further ___________(expand).3. export v/nWe export 90% of our engines to EuropeWool is one of the chief exports of Australia.export trade __________ export market _____________ export的反义词_______________4. regret _________/_________/___________We regret any inconvenience caused by the delay.I regret that I will not be with you on such an important occasion.[拓展1] regret doing sthHe bitterly regretted having made such a big mistake.regret to say/ tell/ infor m ….I regret to tell you that the water supply has been cut off.[拓展2] We have to report the deaths of 2064 of the locals in Yushu with great regret.The doctor expressed regret over/about his inability to do more for the father.He gave up teaching in 1999, much to the regret of his students.5. reduce1) Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.2) The number of employees was reduced from 40 _______25.3)Costs have been reduced ________ 20 % over the past year.4)She was reduced to tears by their criticisms.5)They were reduced to _____________(beg)in the streets.6)There has been some ______________(reduce) in unemployment.6. equip _____________/___________/___________v.装备，配备使有能力，有资格equip/arm sb.with sth ______________ equip sb for sth._________________equip sb to do sth____________________ well/poorly/fully etc equipped_______________They __________(equip)with the latest computer systems.training that will equip you ________ the jobThe training had equipped him ____________(deal )with emergency situations .Jane is _____________(well)equipped than I am to handle such complex questions. equipment 设备，器材7. focus 中心，重点，焦点关注，注意The oil crisis became the focus of Western concern in the early 1970s.We have chosen six communities as the focus of our study.I’d like to see more focus on economy policy.拓展focus on （把…）集中（于）We will focus upon three main topics.He found himself struggling to focus his mind on the discussion.focus one’s eyes on__________ focus one’s energy on _________ focus one’s attention on __________8. commentn.议论，评论，解释1). She made helpful comments on my work..2). He handed me the papers without comment3). --- Will you resign sir? ---- No comment !v 评论表达意见I’m not in a position to comment on the matter. 我无权对这件事进行评论。

9.rid … of (rid , rid , ridded , ridded , ridding )Further measures should be taken to rid our streets _____ crime.get rid of your visitors 打发客人get rid of the nuclear waste 处理核废料get rid of the old furniture 扔掉旧家具10. would ratherHe’d rather starve to death than beg.I’d rather you ________(deal) with it on your own now.I’d rather you _______(settle) it tomorrow. I’d rather you _______(solve) it the other day.11.build up 逐渐的建立或加强增强体力_______________ 增加自信_________________build up character磨练人的性格. build up a business________________12.therefore adv 因此，所以，因而（注意therefore 句子中的位置）He is only 17 and therefore not able to vote.We do not have enough money. Therefore ,we cannot afford to buy the new car.He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected.There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore , return to this item at our next meeting.13.thanks to_______________ lead to______________ keep…free from/ of______________1.keys: 1. against [with] 2. through 3. struggling for existence 4. struggle for power 5. to 2. 变大, 膨胀增加业务张开expanded expand expanding expansion 5.reduction reductions 6. office equipment 一件有用的厨房用具He made a comment about the bad road. / He commented on the bad road.He was finally able to rid himself of all financial worries.rid…ofgo eastward / go in an eastward directionI’d rather not disturb you .He’d rather starve to death than beg.dealt settled had solved◎to build up one's strengthbuild up giant, powerful waves.build up character building up building up a good business.Thanks to lead to keep … free from / of。