高中英语语法讲义简单句简单句四句话一陈述句（肯、否）五种1，主谓SVi （不及物动词）You are listening (to me) . I’ve come (to Bangde)2,主系表SVP *系动词：be动词，You are cute/ a girl.感官动词feel/look/sound/smell/taste. You look young.成为动词become/get/turn/go/fall等, *become a teacher= turn teacherturn +颜色get +温度go +好坏fall +ill/asleep.保持：keep，stay, remain 等. You should remain quiet.似乎：seem（表可能）/appear(实则否) (to be)+adj结果是：prove /turn out (to be)+adj3,主谓宾SVO I hit you (on the head/ in the face)4,主谓宾宾SVOO 人+ 物= 物to +人I gave you a pen= I gave a pen to you .但make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等用for+人5,主谓宾宾补SVOOc*find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等+O+名词They all call me Wangwang.*keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等+O+adjWe should keep our room tidy.*keep, find ,catch, leave等+O+ doing.He found a purse lying on the ground.*ask/tell/want/wish/order/request/demand等+O+(not)to doI wish you to learn English well.*feel / hear, listen to / let, make, have / look at, see, watch, notice, observe +O +do/doing.注意let, make不能接doing. 但be seen/made…+to do.Jim saw a girl go upstairs / playing under the tree.* think, find, consider等+it+Oc+to do. I think it useful to learn English.变否定句：在be/情态/助动词后+not。
不同的时态有不同的助动词,但一般现在时和一般过去时无助动词。
一般现在时需加don’t/doesn’t+V. 一般过去时需加didn’t+V附动词时态表（16种时态32种谓语结构）时：现在过去将来过去将来态一般V/Vs Ved will V would V进行am/is/are/Ving was/were Ving will be Ving would be Ving完成have/has Ved had Ved will have Ved would have Ved 完成进行have/has been Ving had been Ving will have been Ving would have been Ving 变被动态：主——V, 被——be Ved. 把被动态的be变成主动态的V的形式V ed不变。
Eg, Ved-----was/were Ved , have/has been Ving----have/has been being Ved,.课堂练习变否定句：1，Huang Meng has a new iphone 7plus.2, she’ll tell you something important.3, They had a great time last night.4, The boy often does sports after school.5, Her father has been to Wuhan many times.二感叹句2种1 What + a/an +adj + n + (SV) ! What a cute girl (you are) ！+adj + ns + (SV)！What beautiful flowers ( they are )！+ adj + u + (SV) ! What fine weather ( it is ) !2 How + adj ( a/an + n ) + SV ! How cute (a girl) you are !+ adv + SV ! How carefully you are listening to me !+ ---- + SV ! How I miss you !课堂练习：变感叹句1，English is a useful tool.2 You’re a very honest student.3 The young man drives a car too carelessly.4 We’ve bought very interesting books.5 I wish to meet you right away.三疑问句4种1 一般疑问句== Be/情态/助动词(提前) + SV ? 但一般现在时要加Do/Does + SV ?一般过去时要加Did + SV ? 需要Yes/ No 回答。
We can speak correct English.----Can you speak correct English ? Yes, we can ./ No, we can’t.The boy often does sports after school. ——Does the boy often do sports after school? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.2 选择疑问句= 一般疑问句or 选择部分？不需要Yes/ No 回答。
Do you like English ( or math ) ? –I like English/ math. Both.3 特殊疑问句==疑问部分+ 一般疑问句？但疑问部分为S + 谓语？How many times a week do you come to Xue da ?Who teaches you English ?4 反意疑问句==SV ，+ 一般问句简略式（Be/情态/助动词+ S）? 前肯后否，前否后肯（Yes/No反译）。
*陈述部分有not/ no /seldom/hardly/rarely/scarcely/never/few/little/nothing/nobody等表否定的词，后用肯定形式反问，但有表否定前缀的词不算否定句，后要用否定形式反问。
There used to be nothing in the area 10 years ago, did there ? Yes, there did. 不，有。
No, there didn’t.是的，没有。
Huiling dislikes playing soccer , doesn’t she ? Yes, she does.是的，她不喜欢。
No, she doesn’t.不，她喜欢。
*有must/may/might/could的反意问句,接实意动词否定反问用needn’t,接be动词去掉情态反问，接have done 时有时间状语当过去时反问,无时间状语当现在完成时反问。
You must go home now, needn’t you ? You mustn’t make noise here, must/may you?You must /may/might/could be a little hungry, aren’t you ?He must have come here just now , didn’t he ? He must have come here, hasn’t he ?*宾语从句的反意问句，一般变主句，但I/We +think/believe/guess/suppose/expect/imagine+宾从时需变从句，注意否定前移.Jin Jie doesn’t believe his mother will come, does he ?I don’t think he can solve the problem, can he ?*不定代词做主语指人用he / they反问，指物用it 反问，不定式、动名词做主语也用it反问。
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it, is it ?Everyone likes moon cakes in China, doesn’t he ? / don’t they ?Learning English will cost us too much time , won’t it ?课堂练习1Xiao kong has a little bread and milk for break.(变一般问句)2It was extremely rainy yesterday. (变特殊问句)3They often come to school by bus.(用on foot变选择问句)4What she did is wrong, ___________ ?5Jia qi ,with her parents, usually travels abroad during holidays,__________ ?四祈使句表命令：肯定式：（You）+ V , will/would/ won’t you? Pass me the reference book, will/would/won’t you?否定式：Don’t/Never + V/ No Ving , will/ would you? 答语Sorry, I won’t.强调试：Do come here on time.●表建议：Let’s + V , shall we ? Let’s play basketball, shall we ?(一起打)Let us + V, will you ? Let us play basketball, will you?(你不打)总结：祈使句除了Let’s 用shall we,其余都可用will you反问。