世界历史重要词汇中英文对照表初中部分上册下册高中部分必修一——世界政治史必修二——世界经济史必修三——世界文化史选修一——历史上重大改革回眸选修二——近代社会的民主思想与实践选修三——20世纪的战争与和平选修四无——中外历史人物评说选修五——探索历史的奥秘选修六——世界文化遗产荟萃转帖【历史】重要词汇中英文对照表马可·波罗Marco Polo达·迦马Vasco Da Gama麦哲伦Ferdinand Magellan印第安人Indian乔托Giotto米开朗琪罗Buonarroti Michelangelo 拉菲尔Raphael马基雅维利NiccolòMachiavelli塞万提斯Miguel de Cervantes伽利略Galileo中世纪Medieval Period哥伦布Christopher Columbus 商业革命Commercial Revolution 殖民主义colonialism奴隶贸易slave trade文艺复兴Renaissance人文主义humanism但丁Dante达·芬奇Leonardo da Vinci莎士比亚William Shakespeare哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus宗教改革The Reformation马丁·路德Martin Luther闵采尔Thomas Müntzer胡格诺派Huguenots加尔文派Calvinists亨利八世Henry Ⅷ圈地运动enclosure movement都铎王朝House of Tudor斯图亚特王朝House of Stuart詹姆士一世James Ⅰ查理一世Charles Ⅰ英国国教the Anglican Church清教徒Puritan克伦威尔Oliver Cromwell护国公Lord Protector查理二世Charles Ⅱ詹姆士二世James Ⅱ辉格党Whig托利党Tory光荣革命Glorious Revolution《权利法案》Bill of Rights君主立宪制Constitutional Monarchy波旁王朝House of Bourbon哈布斯堡王朝House of Habsburg重商主义mercantilism路易十四Louis ⅩⅣ彼得大帝Peter the Great腓特烈二世Frederick Ⅱ凡尔赛宫The Palace of Versailles约瑟夫二世Joseph Ⅱ开明专制enlightened despotism英国东印度公司British East India Company《航海条例》Navigation Acts七年战争Seven Years’War启蒙运动Enlightenment霍布斯Thomas Hobbes洛克John Locke伏尔泰V oltaire孟德斯鸠Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu 卢梭Jean Jacques Rousseau狄德罗Denis Diderot百科全书派Encyclopedists第三等级the Third Estate路易十六Louis ⅩⅥ三级会议the Estate-General国民议会National Assembly制宪议会Constituent Assembly巴士底监狱the Bastille法国大革命French Revolution《人权宣言》Declaration of the Rights of Man andof the Citizen雅各宾派the Jacobins罗伯斯庇尔Maximilien de Robespierre热月政变Thermidorian Reaction督政府Directory Government雾月政变Coup d' Etat of Brumaire拿破仑Napoleon Bonaparte执政府the Consulate法兰西第一帝国the First French Empire《拿破仑法典》the Code Napoleon滑铁卢战役Battle of Waterloo杰斐逊Thomas Jefferson富兰克林Benjamin Franklin《常识》Common Sense大陆会议The Continental Congress 乔治·华盛顿George Washington《独立宣言》Declaration of Independence 杜桑·卢维杜尔Toussaint-Louverture伊达尔哥Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 玻利瓦尔Simón Bolívar圣马丁Joséde San Martín幕府Shogunate武士samurai锁国令Sedusion Orders丰臣秀吉Toyotomi Hideyoshi巴布尔Baber莫卧儿帝国the Mughal Empire阿克巴Akbar工业革命Industrial Revolution飞梭flying-shuttle珍妮纺纱机spinning-jenny骡机spinning-mule水力织布机water-frame瓦特James Watt富尔顿Robert Fulton史蒂芬孙George Stephenson蒸汽时代the Age of Steam亚当·斯密Adam Smith《国富论》The Wealth of Nations维也纳会议the Congress of Vienna维也纳体系Vienna System神圣同盟Holy Alliance四国同盟（1813）Quadruple Alliance卢德运动Luddite movement马克思Karl Marx恩格斯Friedrich Engels《共产党宣言》The Communist Manifesto 共产主义者同盟Communist League科学社会主义Scientific Socialism马克思主义Marxism国际工人协会International Working-men'sAssociation第一国际First International巴黎公社Commune of Paris西进运动Westward Movement自由州Free State蓄奴州Slave State《宅地法》Homestead Act林肯Abraham Lincoln《解放黑人奴隶Emancipation Proclamation宣言》美国内战Civil War (U.S.)俾斯麦Otto von Bismarch铁血政策Iron and Blood明治维新Meiji Restoration克里米亚战争Crimean War奥斯曼帝国the Ottoman Empire巴布教Bābism西门子Ernst Werner von Siemens东宫Winter Palace十月革命October Revolution红军Red Army战时共产主义Wartime Communism新经济政策New Economic Policy非暴力不合作运动civil disobedience（文明不服从运动）凯末尔 A. Kemal Atatürk甘地M. K. Gandhi印度国民大会党Indian National Congress苏联Union of Socialist Soviet Republics(USSR)斯大林J. Stalin五年计划Five-Year Plan巴黎和会Paris Peace Conference三巨头Big Three威尔逊Woodrow Wilson十四点The Fourteen Points《凡尔赛和约》Treaty of Versailles国际联盟The League of Nations国际联盟盟约Covenant of the League of Nations华盛顿会议Washington Conference英联邦the British Commonwealth of Nations 自治领Self Governing Dominion法西斯党Fascist Party马克Mark道威斯计划Dawes Plan《洛迦诺公约》Locarno Pact大危机The Great Depression新政New Deal富兰克林·罗斯福 F. D. Roosevelt《国家工业复兴法》The National Industrial Recovery Acts 德国民族社会主义Nation Socialist Workers’工人党Party纳粹Nazi希特勒Adolf Hitler国会纵火案Reichstag Fire西班牙内战Spanish Civil War国际纵队International Brigades美国的中立法American Neutrality Acts《反共产国际协定》Anti-Comintern Pact轴心国Axis Powers绥靖政策Policy of Appeasement慕尼黑协定The Munich Agreement慕尼黑阴谋Munich scheme《苏德互不侵犯Treaty of Non-Aggression条约》Between Soviet Union and Germany 闪击战Blitzkrieg东方战线Eastern Front马奇诺防线Maginot Line自由法国Free French戴高乐Charles de Gaulle不列颠之战Battle of Britain丘吉尔Winston Churchill珍珠港Pearl Harbour《大西洋宪章》Atlantic Charter《联合国家宣言》Declaration by Union Nations中途岛Midway Island诺曼底Normandy开罗会议Cairo Conference《开罗宣言》Cairo Declaration德黑兰会议Teheran Conference雅尔塔会议Yalta Conference《波茨坦公告》The Potsdam Proclamation杜鲁门Harry S. Truman《联合国宪章》Charter of the United Nations联合国大会The General Assembly of the UnitedNations安理会The Security Council冷战Cold War马歇尔计划The Marshall Plan北大西洋公约组织The North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NA TO)华沙条约组织The Warsaw Pact Organization德意志联邦共和国German Federal Republic德意志民主共和国German Democratic Republic柏林墙Berlin Wall越南战争Vietnam War朝鲜战争Korean War欧洲共同体European Communities欧洲煤钢联营European Coal and Steel Community 欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community欧洲原子能联营European Atomic Energy Community 马丁·路德·金Martin Luther King, Jr.民权运动Civil Rights Movement越南民主共和国The Democratic Republic of Vietnam 古巴导弹危机Cuban Missile Crisis中东战争Middle East War尼赫鲁J. Nehru巴勒斯坦Palestine自由军官组织Free Officer's Organization亚非会议The Afro-Asian Conference不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement第三世界the Third World纳米比亚Namibia77国集团Group of 77石油输出国组织Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries (OPEC)戈尔巴乔夫Gorbachev白俄罗斯Byelorussia俄罗斯联邦The Russian Federation独立国家联合体Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)欧洲联盟European Union霸权主义hegemonism《全面禁止核试验Comprehensive条约》Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty经济全球化economic globalization亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)知识经济knowledge economy可持续发展sustainable development存在主义existentialism汤因比 A. J. Toynbee经济学economics凯恩斯J. M. Keynes未来学futurology萧伯纳G. B. Shaw海明威 E. Hemingway毕加索P. Picasso爵士乐jazz摇滚乐rock and roll好莱坞Hollywood卓别林 C. Chaplin。