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《跨文化交际与翻译》 (1)

lips. (Verb) 发元音【u:】时,要双唇收圆.
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
• 一 . 上下文(verbal context)
• 1. We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. may do whatever he likes.
John”
绝命信 感谢信 唁函 (女孩写给男孩的) 绝交信 (祝病人康复的)慰 问信 政治上的绝交信
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
试翻译下列句子中的claim
1.A caller to the broadcasting station claimed
responsibility for the bombing.

有人打电话给广播电台,声称这爆炸是他干 的.
2. Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.
• 几个世纪以来,伦敦堪称世界一流城市. 3.Oxford claims a large share in the making of
• 5. It was a girl with good manners.
• 6. The young brother wants to have the good half of the bread.
• 1.他棋艺高超。 • 2. 那是一顿丰盛的晚
餐。
• 3. 她英语讲得很流利。 • 4. 我干了整整一天的
9. Recent discoveries have challenged their old notion.
最近的发现使他们原来的观念成了问题。
10. They challenge for the Davis Cup. 他们决心争夺戴维斯杯。
11. It’s the challenge of our time. 这是我们时代的要求
活儿。
• 5. 这是一位举止得体 的姑娘。
• 6. 小弟弟要那一大半 面包。
• He proved to be a good listener. • 1. 他在课上注意听讲。 • 2. 他是个遵守公共秩序的观众。 • 3. 他善于听取群众的意见。
4. Come round and see me this evening. (adv.) 今晚请过来看我.
2.1 词义的选择
5. It is as round as a ball. (adj.) 它像球一样圆.
6. She has got a mellow ,round voice. (adj.) 她的声音圆润洪亮. 7. The night watchman makes his rounds. (noun) 守夜者巡察. 8. There burst out a round of applause. (noun) 发出了齐声喝彩. 9. The bear rounded and faced the hunters. (Verb) 那熊转过身来对着猎人们. 10.When you pronounce the vowel 【u:】, round your
2.1 词义的选择
选择词义,首先要判明一个词在句中属于 哪一种词类,起什么作用,然后再根据词 类选择适当的词义。如up 这个词在下列例 句中词类不同,词义也不同。
1. What are you doing up there? (adv.)
你在那边做什么?
2. He is well up in mathematics. (adv.) 他精通数学。
6. Prices are being upped by 20%. (verb) 价格上涨了20%. 7. She upped and threw the teapot at him. (verb) 她跳起来,将茶壶向她掷去.
2.1 词义的选择
又如round 一词
1. Bullet fell round him. (prep.) 子弹落在他的周围.
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
五. 交际方式( medium )
• 交际方式即语言传播的方式和媒介,有口头和 书面之分,文白之差别。因而要确定原文的文 体和风格后再选择恰当的词义。
• 1. He wrote a letter to his friend. • 2. Premier Wen wrote a letter to American
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
5. The matter claims our first attention. 这事急需我们予以注意. 6. She can claim credit for the success. 她可以要求人们承认这次成功归功于她. 7. My order had prior claims on your time. 我的订货还要请你优先考虑. 8. The store has more claims on admiration than it is
美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。
• 6. His question challenged us to think. • 他提出的问题促使我们去思考。
• 7. The task challenged his organizing ability. • 这项任务对他的组织能力是一个考验。
• 8. The sentry challenged us. • 哨兵问我们口令。
• 我们希望怀特先生不要忘乎所以,在联合国里一 个大国代表可以为所欲为的日子已经一去不复返 了。
• We hope that our most respec forget himself, his poor health is known to everybody.
• 四. 话题 ( topic ) • 话题即交际双方所谈及的内容。 同一词语在不同
的话题中具有语义上的专门化。如:
• messenger: 信使; 一种传递信息的化学物质(遗 传工程学)
• carrier: 携带者; 带菌体(医学、生物学) • shuttle: 梭子; 航天飞机(航天)
• base: • In business: 本金 • In painting: 底涂 • In military science: 根据地
possible to mention. 这家商店声誉之好无以伦比,大大值得人们的赞美. 9. His personality is his only claim to remembrances. 人们能记起他来的惟有他的品格.(他唯一值得人们怀
念的是他的品格)
试翻译下列句子中的challenge
President. • 3. Mary received a love letter.
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
• a suicide letter • a thank-you letter • a letter to condolence • a Dear John letter • a get-well letter • a political “ Dear
2.1 词义的选择
2. They went up wind. (prep.) 他们迎风而行。
The ship is sailing up the river. (prep.) 这船正向河的上游航行。 3. The new museum is up and opens to the
public. (adj.) 新博物馆已落成开放。
12. Their success is a challenge to my effort. 他们的成就鞭策我做出努力
2.1.3 根据汉语习惯搭配确定词义
英语中有些词在同一词类中、具有相同意义 的情况下,和不同的词搭配,译成汉语时还 要根据与它搭配的词而选择最符合汉语习惯 的词义。
• 1.He has great ears and eyes. 2. He has great wisdom, experience and knowledge.
2. The planets move round the sun in the same direction and nearly in the same plain. . (prep.) 诸行星以同一方向且同一平面绕着太阳运行.
3. Shall I show you round? (adv.) 我领你四处看看好吗?
4. When will the up train start?(adj.) 上行车何时开?
2.1 词义的选择
5. The landlord promised his tenants there would be no further ups this year. (noun)
房东向房客们保证今年不再提高房租。 We all have our ups and downs. (noun) 命运盛衰不定。(人生总有起起落落。)
• 2. It’s time to go aboard. • 该上车了。/ 该上飞机了。/ 该上船了。 • 三. 时间( time )
• His daughter went to London last autumn. • 他的女儿是今年秋天去的伦敦。 • 他的女儿是去年秋天去的伦敦。
2.1.2 根据语境确定词义
There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。
第二篇: 英汉词法翻译
2.1 词义的选择
• 2.1.1 根据词类确定词义
• 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义
的现象。如: • 1. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. • 2. He likes mathematics more than physics. • 3. Like knows like. • 1.相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。 • 2. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。 • 3. 英雄识英雄。
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